Adults only. Reindeer hunting at the middle palaeolithic site salzgitter lebenstedt, northern Germany.
Adults only. Reindeer hunting at the middle palaeolithic site salzgitter lebenstedt, northern Germany.
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只有成年人。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
W. Roebroeks
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Gaudzinski;W. Roebroeks
旧石器时代中期遗址Salzgitter Lebenstedt(德国北部)于1952年被发掘，因其保存完好的动物遗骸而闻名，其中以成年驯鹿(Rangifer Tarandus)为主。考古组合积累在最后(魏切尔)冰川(OIS5-3)早期的北极环境中。该遗址之所以引人注目，是因为存在独特的旧石器时代骨器和最北端的尼安德特人遗骸，但本文重点分析了它的驯鹿组合。这些结果表明，旧石器时代中期的原始人在秋季捕猎驯鹿。狩猎结束后，身体被屠宰，在随后的骨髓处理中，对幼年和亚成年动物进行了选择。成年人显然是首选的，从他们的骨骼来看，较差的骨髓骨再次被忽视。这种对资源原始性的关注在尼安德特人行为的其他领域也有记载，但Salzgitter Lebenstedt是迄今已知的系统化和常规化游戏处理方面的最好例子。Salzgitter Lebenstedt组合与来自Ahrensburg隧道山谷遗址的晚期冰川驯鹿组合显示出一些惊人的相似之处。随后对欧洲旧石器时代早期生存战略的证据进行的审查表明，狩猎大型哺乳动物可能是从最早的占领时期起欧洲中更新世居住者行为的一部分。同时，有人认为，这些早期的狩猎策略是以不同于我们从旧石器时代中期开始所知的景观(“聚落系统”)的方式被纳入的。
The Middle Palaeolithic site Salzgitter Lebenstedt (northern Germany), excavated in 1952, is well known because of its well-preserved faunal remains, dominated by adult reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). The archaeological assemblage accumulated in an arctic setting in an earlier part of the last (Weichsel) glacial (OIS5-3). The site is remarkable because of the presence of unique Middle Palaeolithic bone tools and the occurrence of the northernmost Neanderthal remains, but this paper focuses on an analysis of its reindeer assemblage. The results indicate autumn hunting of reindeer by Middle Palaeolithic hominids. After the hunt, carcasses were butchered and in subsequent marrow processing of the bones a selection against young and sub-adult animals occurred. Adults were clearly preferred, and from their bones, again, poorer marrow bones were neglected. This focus on primeness of resources has been documented in other domains of Neanderthal behaviour, but Salzgitter Lebenstedt is the best example yet known in terms of systematic and routinized processing of game. The Salzgitter Lebenstedt assemblage displays some remarkable similarities to the Late Glacial reindeer assemblages from the Ahrensburg tunnel valley sites. The subsequent review of the evidence on subsistence strategies from earlier periods of the European Palaeolithic shows that hunting of large mammals may have been a part of the behavioural repertoire of the Middle Pleistocene occupants of Europe from the earliest occupation onwards. At the same time, it is suggested that these early hunting strategies were incorporated in ways of moving through landscapes ("settlement systems") which were different from what we know from the middle parts of the Upper Palaeolithic onwards.