Fungal Diversity Revisited: 2.2 to 3.8 Million Species
Fungal Diversity Revisited: 2.2 to 3.8 Million Species
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DOI：
10.1128/microbiolspec.funk-0052-2016
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Luecking, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hawksworth, David L.;Luecking, Robert
真菌究竟有多少种这个问题引起了许多猜测，人们大多认为真菌的种类在50万到1000万之间，在一个极端的情况下，真菌甚至占了惊人的1万亿的相当大的一部分。在这里，我们研究了来自不同来源的新证据，以得出全球真菌多样性的最新估计。自18世纪50年代以来，新物种描述的速度和模式没有显示出接近渐近线的迹象，甚至在分子方法出现后的2010年代加速了物种划分。对隐藏在形态-物种复合体中的（半）隐物种的物种识别研究表明，在这些研究之后和之前识别的物种数量的加权平均比率约为一个数量级。新的证据也来自植物：真菌比例的外推，现在的信息来自环境序列研究，包括对同一地点的分子和实地调查数据的比较。我们进一步提请注意尚未描述的物种在热带生物多样性热点等待发现，很少探索的栖息地（如地衣栖息真菌），以及收集的材料等待研究。我们的结论是，通常引用的150万物种的估计是保守的，实际范围估计在220万到380万之间。目前被认可的物种有12万种，到目前为止，似乎最多只有8%，最坏的情况下只有3%被命名。改进的估计尤其依赖于可靠的统计和系统发育方法来分析迅速增加的环境序列数据。
The question of how many species of Fungi there are has occasioned much speculation, with figures mostly posited from around half a million to 10 million, and in one extreme case even a sizable portion of the spectacular number of 1 trillion. Here we examine new evidence from various sources to derive an updated estimate of global fungal diversity. The rates and patterns in the description of new species from the 1750s show no sign of approaching an asymptote and even accelerated in the 2010s after the advent of molecular approaches to species delimitation. Species recognition studies of (semi-) cryptic species hidden in morpho-species complexes suggest a weighted average ratio of about an order of magnitude for the number of species recognized after and before such studies. New evidence also comes from extrapolations of plant: fungus ratios, with information now being generated from environmental sequence studies, including comparisons of molecular and fieldwork data from the same sites. We further draw attention to undescribed species awaiting discovery in biodiversity hot spots in the tropics, little-explored habitats (such as lichen-inhabiting fungi), and material in collections awaiting study. We conclude that the commonly cited estimate of 1.5 million species is conservative and that the actual range is properly estimated at 2.2 to 3.8 million. With 120,000 currently accepted species, it appears that at best just 8%, and in the worst case scenario just 3%, are named so far. Improved estimates hinge particularly on reliable statistical and phylogenetic approaches to analyze the rapidly increasing amount of environmental sequence data.