EFFERENCE COPY AND COROLLARY DISCHARGE - IMPLICATIONS FOR THINKING AND ITS DISORDERS
EFFERENCE COPY AND COROLLARY DISCHARGE - IMPLICATIONS FOR THINKING AND ITS DISORDERS
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DOI：
10.1093/schbul/4.4.636
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发表时间：
1978-01-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
FEINBERG, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FEINBERG, I
迅速积累的证据表明，神经系统中的运动命令与神经元放电有关，神经元放电改变了感觉和运动通路的活动。这些改变允许监控命令本身，以便甚至在效应器事件（肌肉收缩）发生之前就可以修改随后的运动活动。它们可以通知感觉系统，运动产生的刺激是自我产生的，而不是环境产生的。这样，至少在抽象意义上，这些放电对于区分自我和非自我是至关重要的。在相对简单的刚性系统（如鱼类和昆虫的眼球运动）和人类复杂的可塑性运动行为中都发现了这些必然放电存在的证据，然而，精神分裂症患者经常报告与中毒或迫害的想法一致的感觉体验。这种明显的传入障碍可能只是反映了对异常运动状态的正常感知。或者，它们也可能是直接来自于以最复杂的方式传递到最高级感觉中枢、整个有机体或自我的无序内部反馈。最后，所有改善精神分裂症症状的药物都能产生运动障碍，这可能不是巧合。这些锥体外系综合征可能是由于纹状体通路内反馈的改变而引起的。也许抗精神分裂症药物也改变了思维的反馈系统，打开了混乱的反馈回路，从而减轻了精神病症状。认为反馈回路紊乱会导致精神病的观点并不新颖，至少与反馈概念首次应用于中枢神经系统功能一样古老。也许这些新推测的部分理由是，它们将精神病学家的注意力引向了运动控制机制的最新发现，这些机制在其自身水平上对中枢神经系统整合机制有着深刻的影响。他们还提出了一个新的，尽管是假设的神经整合失败的位点，被认为存在于精神分裂症中：与思维运动行为相关的必然放电。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2016阿帕，保留所有权利）
Rapidly accumulating evidence indicates that motor commands in the nervous system are associated with neuronal discharges that alter activity in both sensory and motor pathways. These alterations permit monitoring of the commands themselves so that subsequent motor activity can be modified even before the effector event (muscle contraction) has occurred. They may act to inform sensory systems that the stimulation produced by movement is self-generated rather than environmentally produced. In this way these discharges are, at least in an abstract sense, crucial for the distinction of self and nonself. Evidence for the existence of these corollary discharges has been found for both relatively simple, rigid systems (eg, eye movements in fish, insects) and for complex, plastic motor behavior in man. However, schizophrenic patients often report sensory experiences consistent with ideas of being poisoned or persecuted, for example. Such apparent afferent disturbances might simply reflect a normal perception of an abnormal motor state. Alternatively, they may directly result from disordered internal feedback to the highest sensory centers, in the most complex way, the entire organism, or self. Finally, it may be less than coincidental that all drugs that ameliorate schizophrenic symptoms are capable of producing motor disorders. These extrapyramidal syndromes presumably result from alterations of internal feedback in striatal pathways. Perhaps antischizophrenia drugs alter the feedback systems of thought as well, opening disordered feedback loops and in this way alleviating psychotic symptoms. The notion that disordered feedback circuits cause psychosis is hardly original, being at least as old as the first application of the concept of feedback to CNS function. Perhaps a partial justification for these new speculations is that they direct the attention of psychiatrists to recent discoveries of mechanisms of motor control which, on their own level, have profound implications for mechanisms of CNS integration. They also suggest a new, albeit hypothetical locus for the failure of neural integration thought to be present in schizophrenia: the corollary discharges associated with the motor acts of thought.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)