Understanding Nature and Its Cognitive Benefits
Understanding Nature and Its Cognitive Benefits
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了解自然及其认知益处
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
M. Berman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kathryn E. Schertz;M. Berman
许多人都有一种直觉，认为与自然环境的互动有益于他们的心理健康。但是，关于自然体验的好处以及这些好处背后的潜在机制，研究实际上证明了什么？本文描述了与自然环境互动的认知益处的实证研究，以及已经提出来解释这些影响的几个理论。我们还提出了未来的发展方向，可能是有用的，在探索自然的认知表现和一些潜在的中介因素的影响程度。具体来说，暴露于各种自然刺激（与城市刺激相比）始终提高工作记忆性能。一个潜在的机制是感知自然环境的低层次特征，如视觉域中的边缘密度。虽然低层次的功能已被证明携带语义信息和影响行为，需要更多的研究来表明是否孤立地感知这些功能是必要的或足够的，以获得与自然互动的认知益处。
Many people have the intuition that interacting with natural environments benefits their psychological health. But what has research actually demonstrated about the benefits of nature experience and the potential mechanisms underlying those benefits? This article describes empirical research on the cognitive benefits of interacting with natural environments and several theories that have been proposed to explain these effects. We also propose future directions that may be useful in exploring the extent of nature’s effects on cognitive performance and some potential mediating factors. Specifically, exposure to a variety of natural stimuli (vs. urban stimuli) consistently improves working memory performance. One potential mechanism for this is the perception of low-level features of natural environments, such as edge density in the visual domain. Although low-level features have been shown to carry semantic information and influence behavior, additional studies are needed to indicate whether perceiving these features in isolation is necessary or sufficient for obtaining the cognitive benefits of interacting with nature.