Indoor time-microenvironment-activity patterns in seven regions of Europe
Indoor time-microenvironment-activity patterns in seven regions of Europe
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.jes.7500490
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Kuenzli, Nino
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schweizer, Christian;Edwards, Rufus David;Kuenzli, Nino
个人对环境物质的暴露在很大程度上是由跨越地点或微环境的时间-微环境-活动模式决定的。因此，时间-微环境-活动数据在模拟暴露时特别有用。我们调查了七个欧洲城市成年城市人口的工作日时间-微环境-活动模式的决定因素。EXPOLIS研究评估了赫尔辛基(芬兰)、雅典(希腊)、巴塞尔(瑞士)、格勒诺布尔(法国)、米兰(意大利)、布拉格(捷克共和国)和牛津(英国)共1427名受试者(年龄19-60岁)的工作日微环境活动模式。受试者在两个工作日内完成时间-微环境-活动日记。我们提供了在家中、工作中和其他地方在室内度过的时间，以及所有城市在室内暴露在烟草烟雾中的时间。使用回归模型评估了社会人口因素的贡献。超过90%的室内时间-微环境活动模式的差异来自于受试者之间和受试者内部的差异，而不是城市之间的差异。在所有城市中，与室内时间-微环境-活动模式相关的最常见因素是特定的工作状态、就业状态、参与者是否独居以及参与者是否在家有孩子。性别和季节也与室内时间微环境活动模式有关，但在七个城市中，影响相当不同。这些城市暴露在二手烟烟雾中的情况有很大不同。这些因素在不同城市之间的异质性可能反映了城市的具体特征，但抽样的当地人口中的选择偏差也可能解释了部分发现。在暴露评估、流行病学分析、暴露模拟以及制定侧重于最终确定暴露的时间微环境-活动模式的预防战略时，需要考虑时间-微环境-活动模式的决定因素。
Personal exposure to environmental substances is largely determined by time - microenvironment - activity patterns while moving across locations or microenvironments. Therefore, time - microenvironment - activity data are particularly useful in modeling exposure. We investigated determinants of workday time - microenvironment - activity patterns of the adult urban population in seven European cities. The EXPOLIS study assessed workday time microenvironment - activity patterns among a total of 1427 subjects ( age 19 - 60 years) in Helsinki ( Finland), Athens ( Greece), Basel ( Switzerland), Grenoble ( France), Milan ( Italy), Prague ( Czech Republic), and Oxford (UK). Subjects completed time - microenvironment - activity diaries during two working days. We present time spent indoors F at home, at work, and elsewhere, and time exposed to tobacco smoke indoors for all cities. The contribution of sociodemographic factors has been assessed using regression models. More than 90% of the variance in indoor time - microenvironment activity patterns originated from differences between and within subjects rather than between cities. The most common factors that were associated with indoor time - microenvironment - activity patterns, with similar contributions in all cities, were the specific work status, employment status, whether the participants were living alone, and whether the participants had children at home. Gender and season were associated with indoor time microenvironment - activity patterns as well but the effects were rather heterogeneous across the seven cities. Exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke differed substantially across these cities. The heterogeneity of these factors across cities may reflect city-specific characteristics but selection biases in the sampled local populations may also explain part of the findings. Determinants of time - microenvironment - activity patterns need to be taken into account in exposure assessment, epidemiological analyses, exposure simulations, as well as in the development of preventive strategies that focus on time microenvironment - activity patterns that ultimately determine exposures.