The grammar of engagement II: typology and diachrony
The grammar of engagement II: typology and diachrony
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DOI：
10.1017/langcog.2017.22
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Roque, Lila San
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Evans, Nicholas;Bergqvist, Henrik;Roque, Lila San
参与系统编码了说话者和听话者对实体或事态的相对可及性，因此受到我们的社会认知能力的支持。在我们第一次涉足参与（第1部分）时，我们专注于实体级指示系统中发现的专门语义对比，这些系统专为建立联合注意的原始场景而定制。这第二篇论文扩大到在事件甚至元命题的层面上探索参与，并评论这些系统如何演变。语言Andoke和Kogi展示了一个具有小句范围的规范参与系统是什么样子的，对称地将“知道”和“不知道”的值分配给说话者和听话者。参与也被发现贯穿其他认知类别，如证据，例如，在一个复杂的评估相对扬声器和收件人的意识关注的信息来源，而不是命题本身。来自语言Abui的数据显示，参与系统可以发展的一种方式是通过提升指示词的范围，通常表示实体，以应用于事件层面。最后，我们强调需要研究，重点是什么样的差异，它使在交际行为方面，主体间协调管理的参与系统，而不是其他的，非语法化的手段。
Engagement systems encode the relative accessibility of an entity or state of affairs to the speaker and addressee, and are thus underpinned by our social cognitive capacities. In our first foray into engagement (Part 1), we focused on specialised semantic contrasts as found in entity-level deictic systems, tailored to the primal scenario for establishing joint attention. This second paper broadens out to an exploration of engagement at the level of events and even metapropositions, and comments on how such systems may evolve. The languages Andoke and Kogi demonstrate what a canonical system of engagement with clausal scope looks like, symmetrically assigning 'knowing' and 'unknowing' values to speaker and addressee. Engagement is also found cross-cutting other epistemic categories such as evidentiality, for example where a complex assessment of relative speaker and addressee awareness concerns the source of information rather than the proposition itself. Data from the language Abui reveal that one way in which engagement systems can develop is by upscoping demonstratives, which normally denote entities, to apply at the level of events. We conclude by stressing the need for studies that focus on what difference it makes, in terms of communicative behaviour, for intersubjective coordination to be managed by engagement systems as opposed to other, non-grammaticalised means.