Arsenic in private well water part 1 of 3: Impact of the New Jersey Private Well Testing Act on household testing and mitigation behavior
Arsenic in private well water part 1 of 3: Impact of the New Jersey Private Well Testing Act on household testing and mitigation behavior
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.196
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发表时间：
2016-08-15
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Zheng, Yan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flanagan, Sara V.;Spayd, Steven E.;Zheng, Yan
经常摄入砷含量高的水会增加不利的健康风险。自2002年9月以来，新泽西州私人水井测试法（PWTA）要求在12个县的真实的房地产交易中测试未经处理的井水中的砷。它的实施提供了一个机会，以调查政策干预对试井和处理行为的影响。在这里，我们分析了一项调查的结果邮寄到1943随机地址（37%的响应），包括从502私人井家庭谁购买了他们的家之前，PWTA开始和168谁购买后的响应。我们发现，PWTA显着提高了砷检测率在一个地区，21%的威尔斯含有砷以上的5吉格/升，新泽西州饮用水标准。《水污染防治法》允许查明更多的含砷威尔斯水井（《水污染防治法》后20%的家庭对《水污染防治法》前4%的家庭）和更多的砷处理（《水污染防治法》后19%的家庭对《水污染防治法》前3%的家庭）。该法案部分解决了在不需要进行检测的家庭中观察到的重大社会经济差异。此外，自2002年以来购买住房的居民更年轻，家中有孩子的可能性更大（60%对32%），这是一个优先群体，因为他们特别容易受到砷的影响。尽管根据《水污染防治法》测试的威尔斯水井更多，但《水污染防治法》实施后的水井所有者更经常忘记或记错砷测试结果，更有可能报告不知道他们使用的是哪种处理方法，也没有报告比《水污染防治法》实施前的家庭更好地维护或监测他们的处理系统。这表明，即使要求进行检测，减少砷暴露的严峻挑战仍然存在。此外，由于房屋周转速度缓慢，只有一小部分威尔斯水井根据PWTA进行了测试。我们建议提供更多的公共资源，以支持社会和生物弱势群体的私人油井测试。(C)© 2016 Elsevier B. V.版权所有。
Regularly ingesting water with elevated arsenic increases adverse health risks. Since September 2002, the NJ Private Well Testing Act (PWTA) has required testing untreated well water for arsenic during real estate transactions in 12 counties. Its implementation provides an opportunity to investigate the effects of policy intervention on well testing and treatment behavior. Here we analyze results of a survey mailed to 1943 random addresses (37% response), including responses from 502 private well households who purchased their homes prior to PWTA commencement and 168 who purchased after. We find the PWTA has significantly increased arsenic testing rates in an area where 21% of wells contain arsenic above the 5 Jig/L, NJ drinking water standard. The PWTA has allowed identification of more wells with arsenic (20% of post-PWTA vs. 4% of pre-PWTA households) and more treatment for arsenic (19% of post-PWTA vs. 3% of pre-PWTA households). Such an Act is a partial answer to significant socioeconomic disparities in testing observed among households for whom it is not required. Additionally residents purchasing homes since 2002 are younger and disproportionately more likely to have children in their household (60% vs. 32%), a priority group given their particular vulnerability to effects of arsenic. Despite more wells tested under the PWTA, post-PWTA well owners forget or misremember arsenic test results more often, are more likely to report not knowing what kind of treatment they are using, and are not reporting better maintenance or monitoring of their treatment systems than pre-PWTA households. This suggests serious challenges to reducing arsenic exposure remain even when testing is a requirement. furthermore, only a fraction of wells have been tested under the PWTA due to the slow pace of housing turnover. We recommend more public resources be made available to support private well testing among socially and biologically vulnerable groups. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.