Agronomic and environmental impacts of a single application of heat-dried sludge on an Alfisol.
Agronomic and environmental impacts of a single application of heat-dried sludge on an Alfisol.
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在 Alfisol 上单次施用热干污泥对农艺和环境的影响。
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.10.009
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Guiresse
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Gavalda;J. Scheiner;J. Revel;G. Merlina;M. Kaemmerer;Eric Pinelli;M. Guiresse
在法国西南部的Alfisols进行了一项田间试验，以评估单次使用11.1 Mg干物质ha - 1的热干燥污泥颗粒对农艺和环境的影响。在玉米灌溉作物（Zea mays L.）上施用水分水平为9.5%的污泥颗粒。并与无机施肥（尿素和磷酸二铵混用氯化钾）进行了比较。在一年多的时间里，对土壤性质、产量和玉米成分以及排水质量进行了监测，以检测污泥施用造成的任何变化。在确定的几种土壤性质中，只有两种土壤性质受到污泥施用的显著改变：无机施肥地块土壤的氮储量较高，而污泥改良地块土壤的奥尔森-磷含量较高。污泥添加的N和P的农艺回收率很高：对于施用后的第一茬作物，污泥提供的N和P总量与无机肥料提供的N和P总量的45%相同。第二季玉米氮素吸收量为7%。两种施肥方式对玉米的质量和数量都很好。在污泥扩散后的2年中，污泥地块的氮淋出率与无机施肥地块一样低。两种处理方式均不影响排水中Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb和Ni的组成。根据1年多的田间试验监测的土壤、水和玉米重金属含量，以及牛粪和大气排放的文献数据，得出了一个世纪以来作物土壤重金属投入与产出的理论平衡。牛粪对土壤中锌、镍、铬的长期影响高于所研究的热干污泥。显然，污泥往往会导致土壤铜储量的大幅增加，这对这些土壤很有价值，否则它们就非常缺铜。
A field experiment was conducted on Alfisols in South-West France to assess the agronomic and environmental impacts of a single application of heat-dried sludge pellets at 11.1 Mg dry matter ha−1. The sludge pellets, with a moisture level of 9.5%, were spread on an irrigated crop of maize (Zea mays L.). This treatment was compared with inorganic fertilization (urea and diammonium phosphate mixed with KCl). Soil properties, yield and the composition of maize and the quality of drained water were monitored over 1 year to detect any changes resulting from sludge application. Amongst several determined soil properties, only two were significantly modified by the sludge application: The nitric nitrogen stock of the soil was higher in the inorganic fertilized plot, whereas Olsen-P soil content was higher in the sludge-amended plot. Agronomic recovery rates of N and P added by sludge were high: For the first crop following application, total amounts of N and P supplied by the sludge had the same efficiency as approximately 45% of the N and P amounts supplied by inorganic fertilizer. This ratio was 7% for the N uptake by the second maize crop. The quality and quantity of maize were equally good with both types of fertilization. During the 2 years following sludge spreading, N leaching remained as low in the sludged plot as in the inorganically fertilized one. The Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni composition of the drainage water was affected by neither of the types of amendment. From the heavy-metal contents of the soil, water and maize monitored over 1 year in the field experiment and from literature data for cow manure and atmospheric emissions, a theoretical balance between crop soil heavy-metal input and output over one century was drawn up. The long-term impact of cow manure on Zn, Ni and Cr in soil is higher than that of the studied heat-dried sludge. Obviously, sludge tended to cause a strong increase in soil Cu storage, valued for these soils, which are otherwise very Cu deficient.