The Motivational Component of Withdrawal in Opiate Addiction: Role of Associative Learning and Aversive Memory in Opiate Addiction from a Behavioral, Anatomical and Functional Perspective
The Motivational Component of Withdrawal in Opiate Addiction: Role of Associative Learning and Aversive Memory in Opiate Addiction from a Behavioral, Anatomical and Functional Perspective
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DOI：
10.1515/revneuro.2005.16.3.255
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
F. Frenois;C. Moine;M. Cador
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Frenois;C. Moine;M. Cador
目前药物成瘾研究的一个主要挑战是不仅要了解滥用药物对大脑运作的直接影响，而且要在行为和神经水平上确定认知，情感和动机过程如何与药物使用相互作用，以导致这种定义成瘾的精神病理状态。现在很清楚，除了滥用药物的直接影响之外，其他因素也能有力地影响寻求药物和服用药物的行为。在前阿片类药物成瘾者中，重新暴露于先前与戒断配对的环境中能够诱导强烈的渴望发作。有人提出，这些条件刺激可以通过重新激活神经生物学回路来强烈参与加速吸毒行为的复发，这些神经生物学回路以无条件的方式参与戒断状态本身，导致一种强大的厌恶状态，通过药物消费的更新来缓解。在本综述中，我们从神经精神药理学的角度提供证据，表明以前与阿片类药物戒断综合征配对的环境情况可能能够维持寻求药物的动机。使用行为模型，允许评估阿片类药物戒断的厌恶和动机属性在无条件和有条件的情况下，我们最近研究了使用广泛的映射神经生物学相关的基础急性戒断和其记忆的痕迹在大脑中的定位和神经元的人口参与，与解剖和功能的方法。因此，我们的研究结果的基础上，并结合文献中的一些数据，我们提供了一个功能模型的阿片类药物戒断记忆的形成和检索。
A major challenge in current drug addiction research is not only to understand the immediate effects of drugs of abuse on brain operations, but also to define at the behavioral and neural levels how cognitive, emotional and motivational processes interact with drug use in order to lead to this psychopathological state which defines addiction. It is now clear that factors other than the direct effects of drugs of abuse are able to powerfully affect drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviors. In former opiate addicts, re-exposure to environmental situations previously paired with withdrawal is able to induce strong craving episodes. It has been proposed that these conditioned stimuli could be strongly involved in precipitating relapse in drug-taking behavior by re-activating the neurobiological circuits which are engaged in an unconditioned way by the withdrawal state itself, leading to a powerful aversive state relieved by drug consumption renewal. In the present review, we provide evidence from a neuropsychopharmacological viewpoint that environmental situations previously paired with the opiate withdrawal syndrome might be able to maintain drug-seeking motivation. Using behavioral models which allow assessment of the aversive and motivational properties of opiate withdrawal both in the unconditioned and conditioned situations, we have recently investigated using extensive mapping the neurobiological correlates which underlie acute withdrawal and the trace of its memory in the brain in terms of localization and neuronal population involved, with an anatomical and functional approach. Thus, on the basis of our results, and together with a number of data in the literature, we provide a functional model for the formation and retrieval of opiate withdrawal memories.