НОВЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА НЕЙТРОФИЛЬНЫЕ ГРАНУЛОЦИТЫ: ПЕРЕОСМЫСЛЕНИЕ СТАРЫХ ДОГМ. ЧАСТЬ 2
НОВЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА НЕЙТРОФИЛЬНЫЕ ГРАНУЛОЦИТЫ: ПЕРЕОСМЫСЛЕНИЕ СТАРЫХ ДОГМ. ЧАСТЬ 2
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НОВЫЙ ЗГЛЯД НА НЕЙТРОФИЛЬНЫЕ ГРАНУЛОЦИТЫ ДОТЬ 2.
DOI：
10.15789/2220-7619-2018-1-7-18
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Тхи Зеу Лен Нгуен
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ирина Вадимовна Нестерова;Н. В. Колесникова;Галина Анатольевна Чудилова;Л. В. Ломтатидзе;Светлана Владимировна Ковалева;Алексей Алексеевич Евглевский;Тхи Зеу Лен Нгуен
大量现代基础研究表明，中性粒细胞(NG)是天然免疫和获得性免疫的关键效应因子和调节回路，在多种疾病的发病机制中发挥着重要作用。NG具有强大的受体系统，提供了它们与免疫系统细胞之间的联系，以及与内皮细胞、上皮细胞和其他组织的沟通。NG诱导刺激激活和促进胞浆颗粒和囊泡表面分子在细胞质膜上的移位，分泌大量促炎症和抗炎、免疫调节的细胞因子、集落、血管生成因子和纤维化因子、肿瘤坏死因子超家族成员、趋化因子、调节蛋白等。NG受到复杂细胞因子的影响，不仅获得新的功能，而且在各个阶段的激活和分化过程中参与细胞内吞噬小体内脱颗粒和杀灭细胞内微生物和细胞外中性粒细胞脱颗粒，形成中性粒细胞胞外陷阱(Net)，而这种死亡通过NETase来实现。NG的表型特征及其功能特性，表明NG亚群的存在具有不同的功能：不同的受体、重组染色质表达细胞因子基因和分泌细胞因子的能力，以实现颗粒系统的内容，产生活性氧物种，实现细胞毒形成网。我们认为，NG亚群有：调节性；抑制性；促炎性--启动炎症反应；炎症具有阳性潜在杀菌作用(抗菌、抗病毒、抗真菌)；炎性细胞毒潜能阴性--侵袭性；抗炎调节退行性；抗肿瘤-TAN1；亲肿瘤-TAN2；杂交性，结合NG和树突状细胞的特点。缺乏足够的反应或过度激活阻断NG功能会导致低强度感染性和炎症性疾病的发展，对自身免疫性疾病/慢性免疫依赖过程的常规治疗没有反应。Remo Deling功能障碍NG-新免疫治疗策略的关键。
Numerous modern basic research done undeniable fact that neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) are key effector and regulatory circuits both innate and adaptive immunity, and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases. NG have potent receptor repertoire, providing a connection between them, cells of the immune system, as well as communication with endothelial cells, epithelial and other tissues. NG inducing stimuli activate and promote the translocation of cytoplasmic granules and vesicles surface molecules on the cytoplasmic membrane the secretion of a large spectrum of pro-and anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory cytokines, colony, angiogenic factors and fibrogenic, TNF superfamily members, chemokines, regulatory protein, etc. Chromatin nuclei NG capable of restructuring under the influence of inducing stimuli, which is associated with the expression of multiple cytokine genes. NG receiving complex cytokine influence not only acquire new features, but also in various stages of activation and differentiation processes involved in intracellular intraphagosomalis degranulation and killing of implementing elimination microorganisms and extracellular neutrophil degranulation in the formation neutrophil extracellular traps (NET), while this dying through NETosis. Features NG phenotype and their functional properties, demonstrate the existence of subpopulations of NG with different capabilities: equipment of different receptor, the ability to restructure chromatin expressing cytokine genes and secrete cytokines to implement the contents of the granular system, produce reactive oxygen species, implement cytotoxicity form NET. In our opinion, there subpopulation NG: regulatory; suppressor; proinflammatory — initiating an inflammatory response; inflammation with a positive potential microbicidal (antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal); inflammatory cytotoxic potential of the negative — «aggressive»; anti-inflammation regulating regression; antitumoral — TAN1; pro-tumoral — TAN2; hybrid, combining the characteristics of NG and dendritic cells. The absence of adequate response, or hyperactivation blockade NG functions leads to the development of low-intensity infectious and inflammatory diseases, do not respond to conventional therapy of autoimmune diseases/chronic immune-dependent processes. Remo deling dysfunctions NG — the key to new immunotherapeutic strategies.