The hitchhiker's guide to becoming invasive: exotic mosquitoes spread across a US state by human transport not autonomous flight
The hitchhiker's guide to becoming invasive: exotic mosquitoes spread across a US state by human transport not autonomous flight
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DOI：
10.1111/mec.13653
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Fonseca, Dina M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Egizi, Andrea;Kiser, Jay;Fonseca, Dina M.
并不是所有外来物种都具有侵略性地建立和扩展(即成为入侵)。作为潜在的疾病媒介，入侵蚊子可能对公共卫生、牲畜和野生动物产生相当大的影响；因此，了解促进其入侵的物种特征和生态环境是非常重要的。日本伊蚊最初来自东北亚，至少两次被传入美国东北部，这是因为最初存在两个具有明显核和线粒体遗传特征的种群，后来混合在一起。自从这些最初的介绍在20世纪90年代末，Ae。J.Japan onicus已经扩展到美国31个州、加拿大两个省和5个欧洲国家。虽然扩大范围的一些原因是由于其他独立的介绍，但了解是什么推动了Ae在引入后的扩展。在美国东北部，我们对在最初引种地以南的弗吉尼亚州收集的461个标本进行了高分辨率的景观遗传分析。所有样本都在7个预先优化的微卫星座位上进行了基因分型，并在一个线粒体座位上对一个亚样进行了测序。我们的结论是，在整个弗吉尼亚州，这个物种主要是与人类相关的：在控制了地理距离后，遗传距离和道路上的距离仍然相关，而与主要州际公路I-95的接近强烈预示着核祖先的存在。相比之下，即使在可能适合蚊子自主飞行的距离，扩散的证据也非常有限。这意味着它与人类的联系(而不是与生俱来的物种特征)是这种蚊子侵袭性的唯一最重要的决定因素。
Not all exotic species establish and expand aggressively (i.e. become invasive). As potential vectors of disease agents, invasive mosquitoes can have considerable impact on public health, livestock and wildlife; therefore, understanding the species characteristics and ecological circumstances promoting their invasiveness is important. The mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus, originally from north-east Asia, was introduced at least two separate times to the north-eastern USA, as surmised from the initial existence of two populations with distinct nuclear and mitochondrial genetic signatures that later intermixed. Since these original introductions in the late 1990s, Ae. j. japonicus has expanded across 31 US states, two Canadian provinces and five European countries. Although some of the expanded range was due to other independent introductions, to understand what drove the postintroduction expansion of Ae. j. japonicus within the north-eastern USA, we performed a high-resolution landscape genetic analysis of 461 specimens collected across Virginia, a state south of the original introductions. All specimens were genotyped at seven pre-optimized microsatellite loci, and a subsample was sequenced at one mitochondrial locus. We concluded that throughout Virginia this species has primarily expanded in association with humans: genetic distance and distance along roads remained correlated after controlling for geographic distance, and proximity to I-95, a major interstate highway, strongly predicted nuclear ancestry. In contrast, there was very limited evidence of diffusion even at distances potentially suitable for autonomous mosquito flight. This implies that its association with humans (rather than innate species characteristics) is the single most important determinant of invasiveness in this mosquito.