Increasing the effectiveness of participatory scenario development through codesign
Increasing the effectiveness of participatory scenario development through codesign
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DOI：
10.5751/es-09386-220316
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Thompson, Jonathan R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McBride, Marissa F.;Lambert, Kathleen F.;Thompson, Jonathan R.
开发情景以探索可能的环境未来是社会生态研究中广泛使用的工具。在环境系统工作的情景规划者越来越多地招募利益相关者来帮助制定情景，但有效地将利益相关者参与与情景分析和建模结合起来仍然是一个挑战。以新英格兰景观未来项目为例，我们探索了如何使用共同设计情景启发过程的方法来帮助平衡利益相关者和科学家的需求。为了说明设计过程，我们记录了八个有影响力的决策，包括利益相关者的意见，描述了我们协商的相互竞争的需求，并概述了所选方法的基本原理。我们发现，有三个优先事项推动了我们的大部分决策：最大化利益相关者在场景开发过程中的参与，有效利用利益相关者时间，以及研究需求。其成果是一份强有力的、紧张的、高度结构化的一天情景开发协议，使利益攸关方参与从最初的定位和驱动力的确定到能够为土地利用模拟提供信息的丰富情景叙述和量化投入的完整情景开发过程。它在六个具体国家的讲习班上的部署成功地引出了利益攸关方认为看似合理和相关的不同情景。利益攸关方对这一过程的反应是积极的，但也反映了联合设计过程中作出的妥协。研究需求在很大程度上得到了满足，尽管最初的期望可能超过了利益相关者群体在一天内合理获得的期望。我们的经验突出了流程设计的重要性，以及如何根据项目目标、问题背景和利益相关者对参与活动的偏好来选择场景开发技术。利用共同设计框架认识到设计过程中涉及的挑战并使利益攸关方参与设计过程，可以作为一种共同的学习经验，有助于提高参与性社会生态情景进程的效力和影响。
Developing scenarios to explore possible environmental futures is a widely used tool in social-ecological research. Scenario planners working in environmental systems increasingly enlist stakeholders to help develop scenarios, but effectively integrating stakeholder participation with scenario analyses and modeling remains a challenge. Using the New England Landscape Futures project as a case study, we explore how a method for codesigning a scenario elicitation process can be used to help balance the needs of both stakeholders and scientists. To illustrate the design process, we document eight influential decisions made with stakeholder input, describe the competing demands that we negotiated, and outline the rationale for the selected approach. We find that three priorities drove most of our decisions: maximizing stakeholder involvement in the scenario development process, efficient use of stakeholder time, and research needs. The outcome was a robust, intense, and highly structured one-day scenario development protocol that engaged stakeholders in the full scenario development process from initial orientation and identification of driving forces through to fleshedout scenarios narratives and quantitative inputs able to inform land-use simulations. Its deployment in six state-specific workshops was successful in eliciting divergent scenarios that stakeholders perceived as being plausible and relevant. Stakeholder responses to the process were positive, though also reflected the compromises made during the codesign process. Research needs were largely met, though initial expectations likely exceeded what could reasonably be elicited from a stakeholder group in one day. Our experiences highlight the importance of process design and how selection of scenario development techniques should follow from the project objectives, problem context, and stakeholder preferences for engagement activities. The use of a codesign framework that recognizes the challenges involved and engages stakeholders in the design process can act as a shared learning experience and contribute to greater effectiveness and impact for participatory social-ecological scenario processes.