Quantifying River‐Groundwater Interactions of New Zealand's Gravel‐Bed Rivers: The Wairau Plain

Quantifying River‐Groundwater Interactions of New Zealand's Gravel‐Bed Rivers: The Wairau Plain
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量化新西兰砾石床河流的河流与地下水相互作用:怀劳平原

DOI:
10.1111/gwat.12625
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
2.6
通讯作者:
Davidson
Davidson
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wöhling T;Gosses;Wilson;Davidson

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新西兰的砾石河床河流沉积了粗的、高传导性的砾石含水层,主要由河水补给。管理这些地区的地下水资源具有挑战性,因为人们对这些河流的补给机制知之甚少,补给率难以预测,特别是在未来气候更加多变的情况下。为了了解砾石河床河流中的河流-地下水交换过程,我们使用三维地下水流模型对怀劳平原含水层进行了研究,该模型使用有针对性的现场观测、当地水务局专家的“软”信息、参数正则化技术和模型独立参数估计软件PEST进行了校准。使用空间蒙特卡罗方法评估了模拟的河流-含水层交换流量、地下水水头、泉水流量和平均过境时间的不确定性。我们的分析表明,河流是水力栖息(损失)以上的区域水位在上游和下游获得海洋沉积物覆盖无压砾石。河流的补给率平均为7.3立方米/秒,但在时间和空间上都是高度动态的。虽然河流流量经常达到1000 m3/s,但净交换流量很少超过12 m3/s,并且似乎受到不连通河流下单位梯度通量的物理约束。含水层管理的一个重要发现是,含水层储存量的变化主要受河流低流量期的频率和持续时间的影响。我们假设,所提出的案例研究的河流-地下水交换机制的新见解可以转移到其他具有类似特征的河流。
New Zealand's gravel‐bed rivers have deposited coarse, highly conductive gravel aquifers that are predominantly fed by river water. Managing their groundwater resources is challenging because the recharge mechanisms in these rivers are poorly understood and recharge rates are difficult to predict, particularly under a more variable future climate. To understand the river‐groundwater exchange processes in gravel‐bed rivers, we investigate the Wairau Plain Aquifer using a three‐dimensional groundwater flow model which was calibrated using targeted field observations, “soft” information from experts of the local water authority, parameter regularization techniques, and the model‐independent parameter estimation software PEST. The uncertainty of simulated river‐aquifer exchange flows, groundwater heads, spring flows, and mean transit times were evaluated using Null‐space Monte‐Carlo methods. Our analysis suggests that the river is hydraulically perched (losing) above the regional water table in its upper reaches and is gaining downstream where marine sediments overlay unconfined gravels. River recharge rates are on average 7.3 m3/s, but are highly dynamic in time and variable in space. Although the river discharge regularly hits 1000 m3/s, the net exchange flow rarely exceeds 12 m3/s and seems to be limited by the physical constraints of unit‐gradient flux under disconnected rivers. An important finding for the management of the aquifer is that changes in aquifer storage are mainly affected by the frequency and duration of low‐flow periods in the river. We hypothesize that the new insights into the river‐groundwater exchange mechanisms of the presented case study are transferable to other rivers with similar characteristics.
DOI: 10.1002/esp.3437
发表时间: 2014-02
影响因子: 3.3
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