Greenhouse gas emissions from food systems: building the evidence base
Greenhouse gas emissions from food systems: building the evidence base
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DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/ac018e
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发表时间：
2021-06-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Sandalow, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tubiello, Francesco N.;Rosenzweig, Cynthia;Sandalow, David
1990-2018年期间，在国家一级对粮食系统的温室气体排放进行了新的估计，综合了作物和牲畜生产、农场能源使用、土地利用和土地利用变化、家庭粮食运输和食物垃圾处理等数据。有了这些新的国家级组成部分，并通过增加全球和区域对食品供应链中能源使用的估计，我们估计2018年食品系统的温室气体排放总量约为16 CO（2）eq yr（-1），占全球人为总量的三分之一。这些排放量的四分之三，13 Gt CO（2）eq yr（-1），产生于农场大门内或生产前和生产后活动，如制造，运输，加工和废物处理。其余部分是通过自然生态系统向农业用地转换边界的土地使用变化产生的。结果进一步表明，发达国家生产前和生产后排放的比例比发展中国家更重要，在1990-2018年期间，土地利用变化排放减少，而生产前和生产后排放增加。我们还报告了人均结果，显示1990-2018年期间世界粮食系统人均总排放量从2.9吨二氧化碳当量上限（-1）降至2.2吨二氧化碳当量上限（-1），2018年发达国家的人均排放量约为发展中国家的两倍。我们的研究结果还强调，各国用于报告国家温室气体清单中排放量的传统IPCC类别系统地低估了粮食系统对人为排放总量的贡献。我们提供了粮食系统类别和活动的比较地图，以便在国家报告中更好地量化与粮食相关的排放，并确定整个粮食系统的减排机会。
New estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the food system were developed at the country level, for the period 1990-2018, integrating data from crop and livestock production, on-farm energy use, land use and land use change, domestic food transport and food waste disposal. With these new country-level components in place, and by adding global and regional estimates of energy use in food supply chains, we estimate that total GHG emissions from the food system were about 16 CO(2)eq yr(-1) in 2018, or one-third of the global anthropogenic total. Three quarters of these emissions, 13 Gt CO(2)eq yr(-1), were generated either within the farm gate or in pre- and post-production activities, such as manufacturing, transport, processing, and waste disposal. The remainder was generated through land use change at the conversion boundaries of natural ecosystems to agricultural land. Results further indicate that pre- and post-production emissions were proportionally more important in developed than in developing countries, and that during 1990-2018, land use change emissions decreased while pre- and post-production emissions increased. We also report results on a per capita basis, showing world total food systems per capita emissions decreasing during 1990-2018 from 2.9 to 2.2 t CO(2)eq cap(-1), with per capita emissions in developed countries about twice those in developing countries in 2018. Our findings also highlight that conventional IPCC categories, used by countries to report emissions in the National GHG inventory, systematically underestimate the contribution of the food system to total anthropogenic emissions. We provide a comparative mapping of food system categories and activities in order to better quantify food-related emissions in national reporting and identify mitigation opportunities across the entire food system.