Distribution of circular proteins in plants: large-scale mapping of cyclotides in the Violaceae.
Distribution of circular proteins in plants: large-scale mapping of cyclotides in the Violaceae.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2015.00855
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Göransson U
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burman R;Yeshak MY;Larsson S;Craik DJ;Rosengren KJ;Göransson U
在过去的十年中，人们对紫罗兰科植物中发现的小环状蛋白的兴趣越来越大。这些所谓的环肽由大约30个氨基酸的环状链组成，其中包括形成三个二硫键的六个半胱氨酸，排列在环状胱氨酸结（CCK）基序中。在这项研究中，我们映射的发生和分布的cyclotides在整个堇菜科。植物材料是从植物标本馆获得的，其中包含长达200年的样本。即使是最古老的标本，在保存的叶子中也含有环肽，没有观察到降解产物，证实了它们是自然界中最稳定的蛋白质之一。共分析了堇菜科23-31属中的17属200余份样品，其中150种样品鉴定出环内酯类化合物。每个物种都包含一组独特的1到25个环肽，其中许多是个别植物物种独有的。我们估计在堇菜科中不同的cyclotides的数量为5000- 25，000，并提出cyclotides在所有堇菜科物种中普遍存在。对来自6个地理上分散的属的12个新环肽类进行了序列测定。此外，第一个糖基化衍生物的环肽被确定和表征，进一步增加了这个独特的蛋白质家族的多样性和复杂性。
During the last decade there has been increasing interest in small circular proteins found in plants of the violet family (Violaceae). These so-called cyclotides consist of a circular chain of approximately 30 amino acids, including six cysteines forming three disulfide bonds, arranged in a cyclic cystine knot (CCK) motif. In this study we map the occurrence and distribution of cyclotides throughout the Violaceae. Plant material was obtained from herbarium sheets containing samples up to 200 years of age. Even the oldest specimens contained cyclotides in the preserved leaves, with no degradation products observable, confirming their place as one of the most stable proteins in nature. Over 200 samples covering 17 of the 23–31 genera in Violaceae were analyzed, and cyclotides were positively identified in 150 species. Each species contained a unique set of between one and 25 cyclotides, with many exclusive to individual plant species. We estimate the number of different cyclotides in the Violaceae to be 5000–25,000, and propose that cyclotides are ubiquitous among all Violaceae species. Twelve new cyclotides from six phylogenetically dispersed genera were sequenced. Furthermore, the first glycosylated derivatives of cyclotides were identified and characterized, further increasing the diversity and complexity of this unique protein family.