Fluid mechanics of feeding determine the trophic niche of the hydromedusa Clytia gregaria
Fluid mechanics of feeding determine the trophic niche of the hydromedusa Clytia gregaria
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摄食的流体力学决定了水螅 Clytia gregaria 的营养生态位
DOI：
10.1002/lno.11653
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Sutherland, Kelly R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Corrales‐Ugalde, Marco;Sutherland, Kelly R.
表型特征决定了捕食者的摄食选择性，从而决定了食物网中的能量流动。在当前进食的刺胞水螅水母中，游泳和捕食是耦合的，这样游泳也会使猎物与进食结构接触。流体机械扰动可能会引发流感猎物的逃逸反应。以前的研究没有考虑流体信号如何定义当前摄食的凝胶状捕食者的营养生态位。我们使用水螅水母Clytia gregariato确定（1）被动（下沉）和主动（游泳）进食行为如何影响猎物对水母引起的流体运动的遭遇前反应，以及（2）猎物反应如何影响水母的摄食效率。捕食过程的录像显示，被动的猎物，如无脊椎动物幼虫在两种摄食行为期间被摄入，而流感猎物，如桡足类，逃脱了捕食者的主动摄食行为，但无法检测到捕食者的被动下沉行为，并被摄入（KWX 2 = 19.8246，df = 4，p< 0.001）。使用粒子图像测速（PIV）的流动可视化显示流体变形值在被动喂养低于阈值，触发逃逸反应的桡足类。为了探讨流体信号是否介导猎物捕获，我们比较了三种水螅水母在不同食物下产生的流体信号。gregaria（双向方差分析，F2，52= 5.532，p = 0.007），这解释了他们之前记录的对桡足类等流量传感猎物的负选择。通过分析水螅水母的摄食行为和遭遇前的猎物逃脱，我们提供了证据，流体签名形状的胶质捕食者的营养生态位。
Phenotypic features define feeding selectivity in planktonic predators and therefore determine energy flow through food webs. In current‐feeding cnidarian hydromedusae, swimming and predation are coupled such that swimming also brings prey into contact with feeding structures. Fluid mechanical disturbances may initiate escape responses by flow‐sensing prey. Previous studies have not considered how fluid signals define the trophic niche of current‐feeding gelatinous predators. We used the hydromedusaClytia gregariato determine (1) how passive (sinking) and active (swimming) feeding behavior affects pre‐encounter responses of prey to the medusae‐induced fluid motion, and (2) how prey responses affect the medusae's ingestion efficiencies. Videography of the predation process showed that passive prey such as invertebrate larvae were ingested during both feeding behaviors, whereas flow‐sensing prey such as copepods escaped the predator's active feeding behavior, but were unable to detect the predator's passive sinking behavior and were ingested (KWX2= 19.8246, df = 4,p< 0.001). Flow visualizations using particle image velocimetry (PIV) showed fluid deformation values during passive feeding below threshold values that trigger escape responses of copepods. To address whether fluid signals mediate prey capture, we compared fluid signals produced by three hydromedusae with different diets.Aequorea victoriaandMitrocoma cellulariaproduced higher deformation thanC. gregaria(two‐way ANOVA,F2,52= 5.532,p= 0.007), which explains their previously documented negative selection for flow‐sensing prey like copepods. Through the analysis of hydromedusan feeding behaviors and pre‐encounter prey escapes, we provide evidence that fluid signatures shape the trophic niches of gelatinous predators.
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