Martian Clouds Observed by Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera from Ls 135 to 310
Martian Clouds Observed by Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera from Ls 135 to 310
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火星全球探测器火星轨道飞行器相机从 Ls 135 到 310 观测到的火星云
DOI：
10.1029/2001je001815
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Ingersoll
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Huiqun Wang;A. Ingersoll
我们使用火星全球探测器（MGS）火星轨道器照相机（MOC）从1999年5月到2001年1月拍摄的红色和蓝色广角条带，制作了涵盖火星LS 135°-360°和0°-111°极地和赤道地区的每日全球地图。我们使用这些每日全球地图研究了大约1个火星年期间凝结云和尘埃云的季节性分布。我们介绍了热带云带和极地罩的发展和衰减，背风波和螺旋云的时空分布，以及火山上方不寻常的“紫菀”云，由围绕中心圆盘的光线组成，就像花一样。热带云带在北方春/初夏主要由纤维云组成，在北方中/夏末主要由对流云组成。热带云带的详细发展和衰减在经度上是不均匀的。在夏末，两个不同的风暴期先于南北环极罩的形成。夏末的北极风暴类似于地球上的斜压锋面系统，但包含尘埃和凝结云。螺旋云只出现在北方高纬度地区，而且只出现在北方的春季和夏季。在秋季和冬季，北极罩显示出一个二号驻波结构。南极罩的条纹云和背风波云比北极罩少。在这一年里，南部的背风波云丰度有两个高峰（初秋和冬末），北部的背风波云丰度有一个高峰（初秋）。
We have made daily global maps that cover both polar and equatorial regions of Mars for Ls 135°–360° and 0°–111° using the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) red and blue wide-angle swaths taken from May 1999 to January 2001. We study the seasonal distribution of condensate clouds and dust clouds during roughly 1 Martian year using these daily global maps. We present the development and decay of the tropical cloud belt and the polar hoods, the spatial and temporal distributions of lee waves and spiral clouds, and an unusual “aster” cloud above the volcanoes, consisting of rays around a central disk, like the flower. The tropical cloud belt contains mostly fibrous clouds during northern spring/early summer and convective clouds during middle/late northern summer. The detailed development and decay of the tropical cloud belt is nonuniform in longitude. Two distinct stormy periods in late summer precede the formation of the north and south circumpolar hoods. The north polar storms in late summer resemble baroclinic frontal systems on Earth but contain both dust and condensate clouds. Spiral clouds occur only in the northern high latitudes and only during northern spring and summer. The north polar hood displays a stationary wave number two structure during the fall and winter. The south polar hood has fewer streak clouds and lee wave clouds than the north polar hood. During this particular year the lee wave cloud abundance in the south had two peaks (in early fall and late winter), and the lee wave cloud abundance in the north had one peak (in early fall).