DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES IN INFANT ATTENTION TO THE SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF INFANT-DIRECTED SPEECH
DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES IN INFANT ATTENTION TO THE SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF INFANT-DIRECTED SPEECH
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DOI：
10.2307/1131286
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发表时间：
1994-12-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
ASLIN, RN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
COOPER, RP;ASLIN, RN
在几项独立的研究中，几天到9个月大的婴儿表现出对婴儿导向（ID）的偏好，而不是成人导向（AD）。此外，4个月大的婴儿更喜欢ID语音基频的正弦波类似物，这表明夸大的音高轮廓是婴儿的优势刺激。在一系列的实验中，使用固定为基础的偏好程序的可能性类似的偏好1个月大的检查。前2个实验的结果表明，1个月大的孩子不喜欢较低频率的音高特征的ID语音，即使1个月大的孩子能够区分低通滤波ID和AD语音。由于低通滤波可能会扭曲ID语音的基频特性，因此还使用ID发音基频的正弦波模拟物对1个月大的婴儿进行了测试。第三个实验中的婴儿也没有表现出对ID音高轮廓的偏好。在第四个实验中，1个月大的孩子更喜欢一个自然的记录ID语音的版本，只保留其较低的频率韵律功能。根据这些结果，有人认为，尽管年幼的婴儿在对ID语音的吸引力方面与年长的婴儿相似，但他们的偏好取决于更广泛的声学特征（例如，光谱结构）。有人建议，夸张的音高轮廓ID语音的特点可能成为显着的沟通信号，婴儿通过丰富的语言，互动的经验与照顾者和增加知觉敏锐度在出生后的第一个月。
Across several independent studies, infants from a few days to 9 months of age have shown preferences for infant-directed (ID) over adult-directed (AD) speech. Moreover, 4-month-olds have been shown to prefer sine-wave analogs of the fundamental frequency of ID speech, suggesting that exaggerated pitch contours are prepotent stimuli for infants. The possibility of similar preferences by 1-month-olds was examined in a series of experiments, using a fixation-based preference procedure. Results from the first 2 experiments showed that 1-month-olds did not prefer the lower-frequency pitch characteristics of ID speech, even though 1-month-olds were able to discriminate low-pass filtered ID and AD speech. Since low-pass filtering may have distorted the fundamental frequency characteristics of ID speech, 1-month-olds were also tested with sine-wave analogs of the fundamental frequencies of the ID utterances. Infants in this third experiment also showed no preference for ID pitch contours. In the fourth experiment, 1-month-olds preferred a natural recording of ID speech over a version which preserved only its lower frequency prosodic features. From these results, it is argued that, although young infants are similar to older infants in their attraction to ID speech, their preferences depend on a wider range of acoustic features (e.g., spectral structure). It is suggested that exaggerated pitch contours which characterize ID speech may become salient communicative signals for infants through language-rich, interactive experiences with caretakers and increased perceptual acuity over the first months after birth.