Authoritarianism and the securitization of development in Africa
Authoritarianism and the securitization of development in Africa
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DOI：
10.1111/1468-2346.12190
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Anderson, David M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fisher, Jonathan;Anderson, David M.
自9/11事件以来，关于援助和国际发展安全化的辩论主要集中在两个方面：这一现象是西方政府推动和强加的，这对非洲和其他发展中国家的人来说是完全不受欢迎和有害的。本文通过展示一系列非洲政权如何不仅从这种分配中受益，而且还积极鼓励和塑造它，甚至将其纳入自己的军事化国家建设项目来挑战这两种假设。以乍得、埃塞俄比亚、乌干达和卢旺达为例，我们认为，这些发展并不是全球反恐战争的偶然副产品。相反，我们认为，它们是这些非洲政府作为更广泛的非自由国家建设议程的一部分而故意做出的一系列选择和政策决定的结果。在描述这一论点时，我们概述了这些政权在这方面采用的四个主要策略：扮演代理人;同时将发展政策社会化和安全事务私有化;使捐助者成为事实上的区域安全安排的同谋;以及将政权敌人构建为更广泛的国际威胁。
Debate on the securitization' of aid and international development since 9/11 has been anchored in two key claims: that the phenomenon has been driven and imposed by western governments and that this is wholly unwelcome and deleterious for those in Africa and elsewhere in the developing world. This article challenges both of these assumptions by demonstrating how a range of African regimes have not only benefited from this dispensation but have also actively encouraged and shaped it, even incorporating it into their own militarized state-building projects. Drawing on the cases of Chad, Ethiopia, Uganda and Rwandafour semi-authoritarian polities which have been sustained by the securitization trendwe argue that these developments have not been an accidental by-product of the global war on terror'. Instead, we contend, they have been the result of a deliberate set of choices and policy decisions by these African governments as part of a broader illiberal state-building' agenda. In delineating this argument we outline four major strategies employed by these regimes in this regard: playing the proxy'; simultaneous socialization' of development policy and privatization' of security affairs; making donors complicit in de facto regional security arrangements; and constructing regime enemies' as broader, international threats.