A circumpolar perspective of atmospheric organochlorine pesticides (OCPs): Results from six Arctic monitoring stations in 2000–2003
A circumpolar perspective of atmospheric organochlorine pesticides (OCPs): Results from six Arctic monitoring stations in 2000–2003
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.01.054
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发表时间：
2008-06
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Yushan Su;H. Hung;P. Blanchard;G. Patton;R. Kallenborn;A. Konoplev;P. Fellin;Henrik Li;C. Geen;G. Stern;B. Rosenberg;L. Barrie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yushan Su;H. Hung;P. Blanchard;G. Patton;R. Kallenborn;A. Konoplev;P. Fellin;Henrik Li;C. Geen;G. Stern;B. Rosenberg;L. Barrie
2000-2003年，在北极的六个观测站每周测量一次空气中有机氯农药的浓度，这些观测站包括加拿大的阿勒特、金盖特和小福克斯湖;美国的波因特巴罗;俄罗斯的瓦尔卡尔凯和挪威的齐柏林。这些监测站覆盖了北极的大片区域，提供了关于环极大气中有机氯农药的全面视角。目前使用的农药硫丹I在11月至5月期间各站点的浓度相似，而在6月至10月期间发现了较大的空间差异。这意味着硫丹在夏季被广泛使用，然后远距离迁移到北极。硫丹I的空气浓度中值为3.2pgm−3（n=245）。遗留的与氯丹有关的化合物在季节和空间上的均匀浓度表明，初级排放对北极空气的影响已不如挥发排放重要。反式氯草胺、顺式氯草胺、反式九氯、氧氯草胺和七氯外环氧化物的空气浓度中位数（pgm−3）分别为0.20（n= 413）、0.58（n= 413）、0.44（n=413）、0.30（n=245）和0.54（n=244）。虽然在1970年代禁止广泛使用滴滴涕，但空间差异很大，反映出滴滴涕相关化合物在北极空气中没有很好地混合。DDT相关化合物的浓度普遍较低，p，p′-DDT、o，p′-DDT、p，p′-DDE、o，p′-DDE和∑4DDT的中位浓度分别为0.10、0.18、0.37、0.10和0.79pgm−3（n=418）。五氯苯甲醚和狄氏剂的空气浓度显示出强烈的季节/空间变化，中值分别为3.8和0.48pgm−3（n=245）。八氯苯乙烯的浓度均匀，中位数为0.32pgm−3（n=245）。北极空气中测得的其他有机氯农药，如异狄氏剂、七氯、甲氧滴滴涕、灭蚁灵、光灭蚁灵、四氯环戊菊酯、三氯环戊菊酯和氟乐灵的浓度普遍较低，大多低于方法检测限。
Air concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured on a weekly basis in 2000–2003 at six Arctic stations, which include Alert, Kinngait, and Little Fox Lake in Canada; Point Barrow in the USA; Valkarkai in Russia; and Zeppelin in Norway. These stations cover a large region in the Arctic, providing a comprehensive perspective on OCPs in the circumpolar atmosphere. Currently used pesticide endosulfan I had similar concentrations across the stations in November–May, whereas large spatial divergence was found in June–October. This implies the extensive usage of endosulfan during summertime followed by long-range transport to the Arctic. The median air concentration of endosulfan I was 3.2pgm−3(n=245). Seasonally and spatially uniform concentrations of legacy chlordane-related compounds indicated that the influence of primary emissions on Arctic air has become less important than volatilization emissions. Median air concentrations (pgm−3) of trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane, and heptachlor exo-epoxide were 0.20 (n=413), 0.58 (n=413), 0.44 (n=413), 0.30 (n=245), and 0.54 (n=244), respectively. Although extensive usage was banned in the 1970s, large spatial variations reflected that DDT-related compounds were not well mixed in Arctic air. Concentrations of DDT-related compounds were low in general, and median concentrations of p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, o,p′-DDE, and ∑4DDT were 0.10, 0.18, 0.37, 0.10, and 0.79pgm−3(n=418), respectively. Air concentrations of pentachloroanisole and dieldrin showed strong seasonal/spatial variations with median values of 3.8 and 0.48pgm−3(n=245). Uniform concentrations were observed for octachlorostyrene with a median of 0.32pgm−3(n=245). Arctic air concentrations of other measured OCPs, such as endrin, heptachlor, methoxychlor, mirex, photomirex, tetrachloroveratrole, trichloroveratrol, and trifluralin, were generally low and mostly below method detection limits.