An Integrative Model of the Development of Autobiographical Memory
An Integrative Model of the Development of Autobiographical Memory
复制标题
自传体记忆发展的综合模型
DOI：
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. K. Welch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. K. Welch
本文为研究自传体记忆的发展提供了一个工作模型。该模型基于对儿童元认知能力、个人叙事的社会建构和自我概念发展的文献整合。到3岁时，儿童已经具备了元认知能力，即对一个事件的认识取决于对该事件的个人体验和对记忆心理状态的意识。这些表征能力可以让孩子们理解他们之所以记住某个事件是因为他们亲身经历过，从而为可能进入自传体记忆的记忆打上“标签”。该模型概述了这些表征能力也可能有助于儿童参与个人叙事的社会建构的方式。此外，该模型指出，自传体记忆的出现需要一个有组织的，心理上的自我概念。影响自传体记忆系统的因素，但可能不是其个体发育所必需的，是（1）参与来源监控的能力和（2）父母讨论过去的特定风格。因此，本文强调需要一个综合的方法来研究自传体记忆的出现。
Abstract The present paper provides a working model for studying the development of autobiographical memory. The model is based on an integration of literatures concerning (1) children′s metacognitive capacities, (2) the social construction of personal narratives, and (3) the development of the self-concept. By age 3, children possess the metacognitive understanding that knowledge of an event depends upon personal experience with that event and an awareness of the mental state of remembering. These representational capacities may allow children to understand that they are remembering an event because they personally experienced it, and thus "tag" memories for potential entry into autobiographical memory. The model outlines ways in which these representational capacities may also contribute to children′s ability to engage in the social construction of personal narratives. Further, the model specifies that the emergence of autobiographical memory requires an organized, psychological self-concept. Factors that affect the autobiographical memory system, but may not be essential for its ontogeny, are (1) the ability to engage in source monitoring and (2) particular parental styles of discussing the past. Thus, the present paper emphasizes the need for an integrated approach for studying the emergence of autobiographical memory.