Patterns of sociocognitive stratification and perinatal risk in the child brain
Patterns of sociocognitive stratification and perinatal risk in the child brain
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2001517117
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发表时间：
2020-06-02
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Westlye, Lars T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alnaes, Dag;Kaufmann, Tobias;Westlye, Lars T.
儿童和青春期发育中的大脑的扩展行为体系是由复杂的大脑-环境相互作用形成的，并由独特的生活经历决定。进入青壮年的过渡提供了适应和成长的机会，但也增加了对环境扰动的敏感性，例如社会关系的特点、家庭环境、学校和活动的质量、财务安全、城市化和污染、毒品、文化习俗和价值观，所有这些都与我们的遗传结构和生物学相一致。我们对7,577名9至11岁儿童的多变量脑行为图，包括585种脑成像表型和617项认知、行为、心理和社会经济指标，揭示了三种大脑协变的群体模式，通过交叉验证和排列测试进行评估，并考虑到使用基因数据识别的兄弟姐妹和双胞胎。第一种模式显示了围产期并发症的痕迹，包括早产和双胞胎出生，子痫和毒血症，母乳喂养时间缩短，认知评分较低，皮质厚度较高，皮质面积和体积较小。第二种模式反映了社会认知分层的模式，将较低的认知能力和社会经济地位与较低的皮质厚度、面积和体积联系在一起。第三种模式捕捉到了与城市化相关的模式，颗粒物污染(PM25)与住宅价值、步行能力和人口密度呈负相关，与白质束的扩散特性相关。这些结果强调了多维和跨学科理解的重要性，整合了社会、心理和生物科学，绘制了健康发展的构成要素，并确定了可能导致适应不良和精神疾病的因素。
The expanding behavioral repertoire of the developing brain during childhood and adolescence is shaped by complex brain-environment interactions and flavored by unique life experiences. The transition into young adulthood offers opportunities for adaptation and growth but also increased susceptibility to environmental perturbations, such as the characteristics of social relationships, family environment, quality of schools and activities, financial security, urbanization and pollution, drugs, cultural practices, and values, that all act in concert with our genetic architecture and biology. Our multivariate brain-behavior mapping in 7,577 children aged 9 to 11 y across 585 brain imaging phenotypes and 617 cognitive, behavioral, psychosocial, and socioeconomic measures revealed three population modes of brain covariation, which were robust as assessed by cross-validation and permutation testing, taking into account siblings and twins, identified using genetic data. The first mode revealed traces of perinatal complications, including preterm and twin birth, eclampsia and toxemia, shorter period of breast-feeding, and lower cognitive scores, with higher cortical thickness and lower cortical areas and volumes. The second mode reflected a pattern of sociocognitive stratification, linking lower cognitive ability and socioeconomic status to lower cortical thickness, area, and volumes. The third mode captured a pattern related to urbanicity, with particulate matter pollution (PM25) inversely related to home value, walkability, and population density, associated with diffusion properties of white matter tracts. These results underscore the importance of a multidimensional and interdisciplinary understanding, integrating social, psychological, and biological sciences, to map the constituents of healthy development and to identify factors that may precede maladjustment and mental illness.