Biomaterials as vaccine adjuvants
Biomaterials as vaccine adjuvants
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DOI：
10.1002/btpr.10
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发表时间：
2008-07-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Jones, Kim S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jones, Kim S.
生物材料是增强疫苗功效的有前途的候选佐剂。通过佐剂设计，我们可以将疫苗的用途扩大到艾滋病、疟疾和癌症等疾病。本综述讨论了疫苗和佐剂功能的基础知识，以确定佐剂设计指南，包括疫苗的疾病靶点、抗原配方和递送途径等方面。理想的生物材料佐剂将发挥三种功能。 (1)它将抗原选择性地递送至树突状细胞。这是通过释放趋化因子或细胞因子、使用抗树突细胞抗体、甚至通过粒径选择来实现的。 (2)它会激活树突状细胞，改善抗原呈递。生物材料本身已被证明可以激活先天免疫，但佐剂配方中也包含特定的先天激活配体。最后，(3)它将抗原适当地释放到树突状细胞中。将释放调节为 pH 敏感和工程化内体释放是已使用的策略。我们确实有机会合理设计更好的生物材料佐剂，从而显着扩展和改善疫苗功能。
Biomaterials are promising candidate adjuvants to enhance vaccine efficacy. Through adjuvant design, we can broaden the use of vaccines to diseases such as AIDS, malaria, and cancer. This review addresses the fundamentals of vaccine and adjuvant function in order to determine guidelines for adjuvant design, including aspects of the vaccine such as disease target, antigen formulation, and delivery route. An ideal biomaterial adjuvant will perform three functions. (1) It will deliver the antigen selectively to dendritic cells. This has been accomplished through release of chemokines or cytokines, use of antidendritic cell antibodies, and even through particle size selection. (2) It will activate the dendritic cells, improving antigen presentation. Biomaterials themselves have been shown to activate innate immunity, but specific innate-activating ligands have also been included in adjuvant formulations. Finally, (3) it will release the antigen appropriately into the dendritic cell. Tuning release to be pH sensitive and engineering endosomal release are strategies that have been used. There is a real opportunity to rationally design better biomaterial adjuvants that will significantly expand and improve vaccine function.