Spawning, Development, and the Duration of Larval Life in a Deep-Sea Cold-Seep Mussel
Spawning, Development, and the Duration of Larval Life in a Deep-Sea Cold-Seep Mussel
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DOI：
10.1086/bblv216n2p149
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Young, Craig M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arellano, Shawn M.;Young, Craig M.
我们描述了冷渗性贻贝“Bathymonolus”Chilressi的养殖技术和开发，这是唯一详细介绍过开发的深海双壳类。将2 mmol5-羟色胺L(-1)注入内收肌诱导成熟贻贝产卵。卵的平均直径为69.15±2.36亩(+/-S.D.；n=50)，卵为负浮力。卵裂呈螺旋状，在7-8℃下孵化，每3-9小时一个卵裂，自由游动的囊胚在40h孵化，第12天开始发育壳。当孵化后温度升高到12-14℃时，幼虫在第8天发育成D壳绒。卵大小和幼虫壳形态表明“B。”Chilressi有一种浮游性营养幼虫，但我们没有观察到在培养过程中的摄食。该物种在整个墨西哥湾的广泛分布以及在大西洋两栖分布的密切相关的同系物表明，幼虫可能会在浮游生物中度过较长的时间。估计了“B”的幼虫寿命。通过将计算的定居时间与已知的产卵季节进行比较，得出结论。这些估计表明，幼虫的持续时间存在变异性，个体在浮游生物中的停留时间超过一年。
We describe culturing techniques and development for the cold-seep mussel "Bathymodiolus" childressi, the only deep-sea bivalve for which development has been detailed. Spawning was induced in mature mussels by injection of 2 mmol l(-1) serotonin into the anterior adductor muscle. The mean egg diameter is 69.15 +/- 2.36 mu m (+/- S.D.; n = 50) and eggs are negatively buoyant. Cleavages are spiral and at 7-8 degrees C occur at a rate of one per 3-9 h through hatching, with free-swimming blastulae hatching by 40 h and shells beginning to develop by day 12. When temperature was raised to 12-14 degrees C after hatching, larvae developed to D-shell veligers by day 8 without being fed. Egg size and larval shell morphology indicate that "B." childressi has a planktotrophic larva, but we did not observe feeding in culture. Wide distribution of this species throughout the Gulf of Mexico and amphi-Atlantic distributions of closely related congeners suggest that larvae may spend extended periods in the plankton. Duration of larval life was estimated for "B." childressi by comparing calculated settlement times to known spawning seasons. These estimates suggest variability in the larval duration, with individuals spending more than a year in the plankton.