Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election
Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election
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DOI：
10.1257/jep.31.2.211
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
8.4
通讯作者：
Gentzkow, Matthew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allcott, Hunt;Gentzkow, Matthew
在2016年美国总统大选之后，许多人对虚假故事（“假新闻”）的影响表示关注，这在很大程度上通过社交媒体传播。我们讨论了假新闻的经济学，并在选举之前介绍了其消费的新数据。利用网络浏览数据，事实检查网站的档案以及一项新的在线调查的结果，我们发现：1）社交媒体是选举新闻的重要但不是主要的选举来源，有14％的美国人称社交媒体为“最大的”重要的“来源； 2）在大选前三个月出现的已知虚假新闻中，有利于特朗普的人在Facebook上共享了3000万次，而那些喜欢克林顿的人分享了800万次； 3）美国成年人普通的成年人在大选围绕大选的几个月中按照一个或可能的几个假新闻故事的顺序看到，其中有一半以上的人回想起他们相信他们。 4）人们更有可能相信喜欢他们喜欢的候选人的故事，尤其是当他们具有意识形态上的社交媒体网络时。
Following the 2016 US presidential election, many have expressed concern about the effects of false stories ("fake news"), circulated largely through social media. We discuss the economics of fake news and present new data on its consumption prior to the election. Drawing on web browsing data, archives of fact-checking websites, and results from a new online survey, we find: 1) social media was an important but not dominant source of election news, with 14 percent of Americans calling social media their "most important" source; 2) of the known false news stories that appeared in the three months before the election, those favoring Trump were shared a total of 30 million times on Facebook, while those favoring Clinton were shared 8 million times; 3) the average American adult saw on the order of one or perhaps several fake news stories in the months around the election, with just over half of those who recalled seeing them believing them; and 4) people are much more likely to believe stories that favor their preferred candidate, especially if they have ideologically segregated social media networks.