Biochar-activated peroxydisulfate as an effective process to eliminate pharmaceutical and metabolite in hydrolyzed urine.
Biochar-activated peroxydisulfate as an effective process to eliminate pharmaceutical and metabolite in hydrolyzed urine.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2020.115809
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发表时间：
2020-04
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Ruochun Zhang;Yaxiu Li;Zijian Wang;Yindong Tong;Peizhe Sun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ruochun Zhang;Yaxiu Li;Zijian Wang;Yindong Tong;Peizhe Sun
从源头分离的尿液中去除药物活性化合物对于营养回收和减少废水处理厂的污染物负荷至关重要。然而，有限的氧化处理工艺已经显示出令人满意的性能，由于尿液成分的强清除效果。提出了一种生物炭与过硫酸盐（PDS）复合的多相催化体系，该体系能有效去除尿液中磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）及其主要代谢产物N4-乙酰磺胺甲恶唑（NSMX）。在完全混合反应器和生物炭填料塔中考察了生物炭/PDS的性能。有趣的是，尿液成分略有抑制磺胺类药物在生物炭悬浮液中的降解，但显着提高其在生物炭填充柱的去除。进一步的研究阐明了PDS的活化过程和主要尿液成分的影响，解释了生物炭悬浮液和生物炭填充柱中的不同结果。生物炭/PDS体系主要产生·OH自由基、单线态氧和表面结合自由基（SBR），使SMX转化为无明显抗菌性能的产物。设计了一种经济有效的两段工艺，利用SBR作为主要的反应物种。这项研究可能有助于提高对生物炭催化作用的理解，并为尿液提供具有成本效益的处理方案。
Eliminating pharmaceutical active compounds from source-separated urine is essential for nutrient recovery and reducing the contaminant load to wastewater treatment plants. However, limited oxidation treatment processes have shown satisfactory performance due to strong scavenging effect of urine components. This study proposed a heterogeneous catalytic system by combining biochar with peroxydisulfate (PDS), which effectively removed sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and its major human metabolite,N4-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole (NSMX) in urine. The performance of biochar/PDS was investigated in both a complete-mixing reactor and a biochar-packed column. Interestingly, urine components slightly inhibited the degradation of sulfonamides in biochar suspension but significantly improved their removal in biochar-packed column. Further investigation elucidated the PDS activation process and the effects of the main urine components, which explained the different results in biochar suspension and biochar-packed column. The biochar/PDS system mainly produced ·OH radical, singlet oxygen and surface-bound radicals (SBR), which transformed SMX to products of no apprarent antimicrobial properities. A cost-effective two-stage process was designed utilizing SBR as the major reactive species. This study may help to improve the understanding of the catalytic role of biochar and provide cost-effective treatment options for urine.