Domestic Concerns and the Water Conflict over the Euphrates-Tigris River Basin
Domestic Concerns and the Water Conflict over the Euphrates-Tigris River Basin
复制标题
国内问题和幼发拉底河-底格里斯河流域的水冲突
DOI：
10.1080/714004364
复制
发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
Mine Eder
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Çarkoğlu;Mine Eder
过去十年来，解决中东因共享水资源而发生的冲突已成为该地区和平与稳定的根本问题之一。土耳其、叙利亚和伊拉克之间关于幼发拉底河-底格里斯河的争端也不例外。随着20世纪50年代大坝建设和各种水利开发项目的启动，水资源共享逐渐成为下游各州关注的主要问题。东南安纳托利亚开发项目，土耳其语缩写为GAP (Giineydogu Anadolu Projesi)，由一系列大型灌溉和能源项目和总共22座水坝组成，加剧了叙利亚和伊拉克的这些担忧。从20世纪80年代中期开始，GAP从一个主要的水电项目转变为一个综合的区域发展计划，这进一步增加了中游和下游国家的焦虑。”土耳其用水量的增加不仅加剧了人们对流入叙利亚和伊拉克的水的数量的担忧，也加剧了人们对水的质量的担忧。水问题也是1998年8月土耳其和叙利亚之间严重争吵的一个重要部分。尽管这场冲突似乎是由土耳其东南部的库尔德人对峙引发的，但根本问题仍然是水资源争端。事实上，正是种族冲突和水问题之间的联系引发了土耳其和叙利亚之间的争议。叙利亚越来越多地抱怨说，它没有得到幼发拉底河-底格里斯河流域应有的水资源。土耳其声称，叙利亚利用“民族牌”，即向库尔德分离主义分子提供后勤支持，以诱使土耳其在水问题上作出让步。库尔德分离主义分子的缩写为PKK （Partia Karkaren Kurdistan或Kurdistan Workers' Party）。土耳其的回应是以军事压力的形式，迫使叙利亚停止积极使用种族牌，这种牌曾将双方推向战争边缘。1998年8月的冲突也表明，对土耳其与其南部邻国之间的水争端的分析涉及到一个复杂的动态网络，其中包括国内和国外之间的互动
Resolution of conflicts over the sharing of water resources in the Middle East has emerged over the past decade as one of the fundamental issues for peace and stability in the region. The disputes over the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers among Turkey, Syria and Iraq are no exception. With the initiation of dam building and various water development projects during the 1950s, water sharing has gradually become a major concern particularly of the downstream states. The Southeast Anatolia Development Project, or simply GAP (Giineydogu Anadolu Projesi) in its Turkish acronym, which combines a number of giant irrigation and energy projects with a total of 22 dams, has exacerbated these concerns both for Syria and Iraq. The transformation of GAP from a largely hydroelectric project to an integrated, regional development programme starting in the mid-1980s has further increased the anxiety of both midstream and downstream countries.' The increasing consumptive use of water by Turkey magnified concerns for not only the quantity but also the quality of water flowing into Syria and Iraq. The water issue was also a significant part of the serious row between Turkey and Syria in August 1998. Even though the conflict appeared to emerge from the ongoing Kurdish confrontation in southeast Turkey, the underlying issue was still the water dispute. It was in fact the linkages between the ethnic conflict and the water issue that have become contentious between Turkey and Syria. Syria has increasingly complained that it is not receiving its due share of water in the Euphrates-Tigris basin. Turkey claims that Syria has made use of the 'ethnic card', namely the logistic support for Kurdish separatists known by their acronym PKK (Partia Karkaren Kurdistan or Kurdistan Workers' Party), in order to induce Turkey to make concessions on the water issue. Turkey's response came in the shape of military pressure to force an end to Syria's active use of the ethnic card, which brought the two sides to the brink of war. What this August 1998 confrontation also showed is that the analysis of the water dispute between Turkey and its southern neighbours involves dynamics that include a complex web of interactions between domestic and
影响因子：
7.8
作者：
PUTNAM, RD
通讯作者：
PUTNAM, RD