Identification of furs of domestic dog , raccoon dog , rabbit and domestic cat by hair analysis using MALDI

使用 MALDI – ToF 质谱法进行毛发分析来鉴定家犬、貉、兔和家猫的皮毛

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2007

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K. Hollemeyer;Wolfgang Altmeyerb;Elmar Heinzlea

几年来，在欧盟和美国的贸易市场上，关于家养狗、浣熊狗和猫毛皮零售贸易的讨论一直很激烈。根据不同的观点，并且由于缺乏区域范围的调查，关于这种不透明贸易的数字相差很大。动物保护组织认为，数以百万计的家养狗、浣熊狗和猫的毛皮正在进口，主要是从亚洲国家进口到美国和欧盟市场，在那里它们作为成衣出售。然而，另一方面，一些国家政府认为没有必要采取行动，因为没有可靠的数据支持这种假设的贸易。一些国家已经有了相关规定，包括美国、意大利、法国和比利时。由于缺乏可靠的方法来明确识别家养狗、浣熊狗和猫的毛皮，特别是如果这些毛皮是经过化学脱脂、漂白和/或染色的，因此很难监测这类毛皮的交易。到目前为止，尽管大多数专家并不怀疑这种交易的重要存在，但对其数量所知甚少。同样毫无疑问的是，至少就国内的狗猫毛皮贸易而言，消费者在任何情况下都不希望购买此类服装;此外，浣熊狗毛皮贸易也越来越昂热越来越多的消费者。部分或全部由家养狗、浣熊狗和猫毛皮制成的产品未贴标签或误导性声明有助于误导消费者，必须将其视为欺诈行为（例如，见图1）。这种欺诈贸易的一个新变种是将真实的毛皮当作人造毛皮出售，人造毛皮主要是由浣熊狗制成的。合成毛皮是相当时尚的时刻，似乎购买真实的毛皮是便宜的零售市场比合成。因此，美国国会也呼吁禁止在美国与浣熊狗毛皮的贸易。在欧洲，欧盟委员会被要求制定法律的法规，以克服当地的法律的要求，这些要求与欧盟的公共精神相矛盾，并在一定程度上阻碍了商品的自由交换。设想的规章还必须包含可靠的方法，以便有效监测任何计划的禁令。因此，在2003年秋季，我们向欧盟委员会介绍了SIAM方法（动物物种鉴定MALDI-TOF质谱法）;这是一种适用于通过质谱法以高置信度识别羽毛、羽绒和毛发来源的分析方法。2006年11月，欧盟委员会提出了一项建议，禁止在欧盟市场内进行国内猫狗毛皮贸易。作为显微镜和主成分回归（PCR）方法的替代方法，SIAM方法于2005年开发，

For several years now, within the EU and the US trade markets there has been intense discussion concerning the retail trade in furs of domestic dog, raccoon dog and cat. Depending on the point of view, and because of a lack of area-wide investigations, quite different numbers are quoted in respect of this non-transparent trade. Animal protection organisations assume that millions of furs of domestic dogs, raccoon dogs and cats are being imported, mainly from Asian countries into the US and the EU markets, where they are sold as made-up garment articles. However, on the other hand, some national governments do not see any need for action because there is no reliable data supporting such an assumed trade. Some countries already have regulations, including USA, Italy, France and Belgium. Trading of such furs is difficult to monitor because of the lack of reliable methods for the unambiguous identification of furs from domestic dogs, raccoon dogs and cats, especially if they are chemically defatted, bleached and/ or dyed. So far, although most experts don’t doubt the significant existence of such a trade, too little is known about its volume. It is also without doubt that, at least as far as the domestic dog and cat fur trade is concerned, consumers do not wish to purchase such garments under any circumstances; in addition, the raccoon dog fur trade increasingly angers more and more consumers. Non-labelling or misleading declarations of products partly or completely made of domestic dog, raccoon dog and cat furs is helping to mislead consumers and must be judged as fraudulent (see, for example, Figure 1). A new variety of this fraudulent trade is that of the selling of real fur as faux fur, which is mainly made from raccoon dogs. Synthetic pelt is quite in fashion at the moment and it seems that buying real fur is cheaper for the retail market than synthetics. As a consequence of this the US Congress has appealed to also ban the trade with raccoon dog furs in the USA. In Europe the EU commission has been asked to construct legal regulations to overcome local legal requirements that contradict the public spirit of the EU and partly hinder the free exchange of goods. Postulated regulations also have to contain reliable methods in order to monitor effectively any planned ban. In autumn 2003 we therefore introduced our SIAM method (Species Identification of Animals MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry) to the EU commission; this is an analytical method suitable for recognising the origin of feathers, down and hair with high confidence by mass spectrometry. In November 2006 the EU commission made a proposal for the ban of the domestic dog and cat fur trade within the EU market. As an alternative to microscopic and principal component regression (PCR) methods, the SIAM method developed in

Identification of furs of domestic dog , raccoon dog , rabbit and domestic cat by hair analysis using MALDI – ToF mass spectrometry

使用 MALDI – ToF 质谱法进行毛发分析来鉴定家犬、貉、兔和家猫的皮毛

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