High sensitivity of summer temperatures to stratospheric sulfur loading from volcanoes in the Northern Hemisphere
High sensitivity of summer temperatures to stratospheric sulfur loading from volcanoes in the Northern Hemisphere
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2221810120
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发表时间：
2023-11-06
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Wilson, Rob
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burke, Andrea;Innes, Helen M.;Crick, Laura;Anchukaitis, Kevin J.;Byrne, Michael P.;Hutchison, William;McConnell, Joseph R.;Moore, Kathryn A.;Rae, James W. B.;Sigl, Michael;Wilson, Rob
来自大型火山爆发的平流层硫酸盐气溶胶反射了入射的阳光和凉爽的气候，但由于观测记录有限，这一过程还没有很好地量化。在这里，我们利用上平流层紫外线辐射所赋予的独特硫同位素指纹，测量极地冰芯中的火山硫酸盐峰，以确定其气候重要的平流层成分。我们发现的证据表明，在过去两千年中，最冷的几十年与主要的气候和社会破坏有关，是由高纬度火山爆发产生的相对少量的平流层硫酸盐造成的。这挑战了热带火山爆发对气候影响最大的观点，并表明气候对北方半球高纬度火山强迫的敏感性增强。540年代、1450年代和1700年代代表了共同时代（CE）五个最冷的十年中的三个。在每一种情况下，这些冷脉冲的原因都被归因于大规模的火山爆发。然而，火山爆发的起源和火山作用力的大小仍然不确定。在这里，我们使用高分辨率的硫同位素在格陵兰岛和南极冰芯测量这些事件，以提供一种方法来改善这些喷发的硫负荷估计。在每一种情况下，最大的重建年轮冷却是与一个extratrophic喷发，这些事件的高海拔平流层硫酸盐负荷大大小于以前的估计（由高达2倍）。这些结果表明，重建的北方半球夏季温度的敏感性增加，以outtratrophilic喷发。这突出了气候反馈和过程的重要性，这些反馈和过程放大和延长了来自高纬度地区的冷却信号，例如海冰范围和海洋热含量的变化。
Stratospheric sulfate aerosols from large volcanic eruptions reflect incoming sunlight and cool climate, but this process is not well quantified due to a limited observational record. Here, we take advantage of the unique sulfur isotope fingerprint imparted by UV radiation in the upper stratosphere, measuring volcanic sulfate peaks in polar ice cores to determine their climatically important stratospheric component. We find evidence that several of the coldest decades in the last two thousand years—linked with major climatic and societal disruption—were driven by a relatively small amount of stratospheric sulfate from high-latitude eruptions. This challenges the view that tropical eruptions have the largest climatic impacts and suggests enhanced climatic sensitivity to high-latitude volcanic forcing in the Northern Hemisphere. The 540s, 1450s, and 1600s represent three of the five coldest decades in the Common Era (CE). In each of these cases, the cause of these cold pulses has been attributed to large volcanic eruptions. However, the provenance of the eruption and magnitude of the volcanic forcing remains uncertain. Here, we use high-resolution sulfur isotopes in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores measured across these events to provide a means of improving sulfur loading estimates for these eruptions. In each case, the largest reconstructed tree-ring cooling is associated with an extratropical eruption, and the high-altitude stratospheric sulfate loading of these events is substantially smaller than previous estimates (by up to a factor of two). These results suggest an increased sensitivity of the reconstructed Northern Hemisphere summer temperature response to extratropical eruptions. This highlights the importance of climate feedbacks and processes that amplify and prolong the cooling signal from high latitudes, such as changes in sea ice extent and ocean heat content.
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影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Anchukaitis, Kevin J.;Cook, Edward R.;Wilson, Rob
通讯作者：
Wilson, Rob
影响因子：
4
作者：
Dull, Robert A.;Southon, John R.;Oppenheimer, Clive
通讯作者：
Oppenheimer, Clive
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Burke, Andrea;Moore, Kathryn A.;Adkins, Jess F.
通讯作者：
Adkins, Jess F.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Gautier, Elsa;Savarino, Joel;Farquhar, James
通讯作者：
Farquhar, James
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Crowley, TJ
通讯作者：
Crowley, TJ