Adult Size in Ectotherms: Temperature Effects on Growth and Differentiation
Adult Size in Ectotherms: Temperature Effects on Growth and Differentiation
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1996
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M. T
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作者：
M. T
一个近似的，生物物理模型，提出了描述温度调制的变化，在外温动物的生长速度和分化速度，基于夏普-斯科尔菲尔德方程连接酶动力学和生物速率。与Sharpe-Schoolfield方程一样，该模型假设（1）生长速率和分化速率可以被描述为由一种限速酶控制;此外，该模型假设（2）生长和分化的温度系数不同。该模型被用来预测温度依赖的大小变化的外温动物在成熟的生长和分化的相互作用的结果。结果表明，生长和分化的活化能常数之间的差异决定了尺寸-温度反应范数的斜率。酶的结构和遗传变异决定了反应规范的形状，而不推断调控基因。Sharpe-Schoolfield方程的所有热力学参数都可以用非线性回归技术进行经验估计。生物物理模型提供了一个近似的框架，基因型模型的反应规范的演变，遗传变异的生长或分化将导致基因型与环境的相互作用。温度敏感性和温度耐受性的近似模型阐明了身体大小的温度依赖性将如何演变。7 1996年学术出版社有限公司
A proximate, biophysical model is proposed describing temperature-modulated variation in growth rate and differentiation rate in ectotherms, based upon the Sharpe–Schoolfield equation connecting enzyme kinetics and biological rates. Like the Sharpe-Schoolfield equation, the model assumes (1) that growth rate and differentiation rate can be described as controlled by one rate-limiting enzyme; in addition the model assumes (2) that the temperature coefficients of growth and differentiation are different. The model is used to predict temperature-dependent size variation of ectotherms at maturation as a result of the interaction of growth and differentiation. It is shown that the difference between the activation energy constants of growth and differentiation determines the slope of the size-temperature reaction norm. The structural and heritable variation in enzymes determines reaction norm shape without inferring regulatory genes. All thermodynamic parameters of the Sharpe–Schoolfield equation can be estimated empirically with nonlinear regression techniques. The biophysical model provides a proximate framework for genotypic models of reaction norm evolution; genetic variation in either growth or differentiation would lead to genotype by environment interaction. This proximate model of temperature sensitivity and temperature tolerance clarifies how temperature dependence of body size would evolve. 7 1996 Academic Press Limited