Gastric bypass surgery in a rat model alters the community structure and functional composition of the intestinal microbiota independently of weight loss
Gastric bypass surgery in a rat model alters the community structure and functional composition of the intestinal microbiota independently of weight loss
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DOI：
10.1186/s40168-020-0788-1
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发表时间：
2020-02-07
期刊：
影响因子：
15.5
通讯作者：
von Bergen, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haange, Sven-Bastiaan;Jehmlich, Nico;von Bergen, Martin
背景Roux-en-Y胃旁路手术（RYGB）是严重肥胖患者诱导大量持续体重减轻的最后手段。这种解剖重排影响肠道微生物群，但到目前为止，关于它如何独立于减肥干扰微生物功能和微生物-宿主相互作用的信息很少。方法采用大鼠模型，将rygb手术组与假手术对照组进行比较，假手术对照组通过限制食物来保持匹配的体重。我们利用16S rRNA扩增子基因测序、宏蛋白质组学和代谢组学对从回肠、盲肠和结肠收集的样本进行了微生物分类和功能活性研究，并分别分析了管腔和黏液相关的微生物群。结果RYGB肠道结构的改变增加了放线菌的相对数量，尤其是双歧杆菌科和变形杆菌科，而总体而言，厚壁菌门的数量减少，尽管链球菌和产气荚膜梭菌的丰度相对较高，与体重减轻无关。在rygb -肠腔中观察到共轭胆汁酸和次级胆汁酸的减少。微生物群中的精氨酸生物合成途径发生了改变，上游代谢物和酶的丰度发生了变化，导致RYGB后结肠中精氨酸水平降低，天冬氨酸水平升高。结论RYGB的解剖重排影响微生物群的组成和功能，以及氨基酸和胆酸代谢的变化，独立于体重减轻。RYGB后微生物群分类结构的转变可能是由肠道胆汁酸池组成的变化和肠道营养成分的变化所介导的。
Background Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is a last-resort treatment to induce substantial and sustained weight loss in cases of severe obesity. This anatomical rearrangement affects the intestinal microbiota, but so far, little information is available on how it interferes with microbial functionality and microbial-host interactions independently of weight loss. Methods A rat model was employed where the RYGB-surgery cohort is compared to sham-operated controls which were kept at a matched body weight by food restriction. We investigated the microbial taxonomy and functional activity using 16S rRNA amplicon gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics on samples collected from theileum, the cecum, and the colon, and separately analysed the lumen and mucus-associated microbiota. Results Altered gut architecture in RYGB increased the relative occurrence of Actinobacteria, especially Bifidobacteriaceae and Proteobacteria, while in general, Firmicutes were decreased although Streptococcaceae and Clostridium perfringens were observed at relative higher abundances independent of weight loss. A decrease of conjugated and secondary bile acids was observed in the RYGB-gut lumen. The arginine biosynthesis pathway in the microbiota was altered, as indicated by the changes in the abundance of upstream metabolites and enzymes, resulting in lower levels of arginine and higher levels of aspartate in the colon after RYGB. Conclusion The anatomical rearrangement in RYGB affects microbiota composition and functionality as well as changes in amino acid and bile acid metabolism independently of weight loss. The shift in the taxonomic structure of the microbiota after RYGB may be mediated by the resulting change in the composition of the bile acid pool in the gut and by changes in the composition of nutrients in the gut.