ACTIVATION OF ONE TOBACCO NECROSIS VIRUS BY ANOTHER
ACTIVATION OF ONE TOBACCO NECROSIS VIRUS BY ANOTHER
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DOI：
10.1099/00221287-25-3-459
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发表时间：
1961-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
NIXON, HL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KASSANIS, B;NIXON, HL
在蔗糖密度梯度中离心时，烟草坏死病毒的洛桑培养物的制备总是有两个区，通常有三个区。顶部区域由沉积常数为50S的多面体颗粒组成，中间区域由较大的多面体颗粒组成，沉积常数为116S，底部区域存在时，由12个聚集在一起的50S颗粒组成。小颗粒（50S）及其聚集体在接种烟草和豆科植物时均不具有侵染力，但与大颗粒（116S）一起接种时具有侵染力。小颗粒和大颗粒在血清学上不相关，似乎是不同的病毒，其中一种病毒依靠另一种病毒进行某些过程，使其繁殖到可检测的数量。洛桑栽培法豆产生不同大小的局部病变。从单个大病灶中分离出的病毒通过一系列单个病灶，当装入烟草时，可获得含有多达500个大颗粒至1个小颗粒的制剂。有证据表明，当病毒在烟草中堆积时，少量的小颗粒是作为污染物获得的，似乎很可能小颗粒不会在只感染了大颗粒的叶子中产生。从小病变中获得的病毒，在散装时给予含有两种大小颗粒的制剂，大颗粒与小颗粒的比例高达1:10。大颗粒接种只产生大病变，而混合接种产生大病变和小病变的比例取决于接种物中两种颗粒的比例。两种不同的烟草坏死病毒激活了小颗粒，但烟草花叶病毒和其他一些病毒没有。当磷钨酸盐负染色时，两种激活病毒的颗粒大小和稳定性不同。当固定和负染色时，它们看起来是有棱角的，但比阴影时少得多。小颗粒倾向于以规则的排列排列，一种排列表明它们有五重对称轴。
Preparations of the Rothamsted culture of tobacco necrosis virus always gave two and usually three zones when centrifuged in sucrose density gradients. The top zone consisted of polyhedral particles with a sedimentation constant of 50S, the middle zone of larger polyhedral particles with 116S, and the bottom zone when present, consisted of the 50S particles aggregated in groups of 12. Neither the small particles (50S) nor their aggregates were infective when inoculated either to tobacco or French bean plants, but they became so when inoculated together with the large particles (116S). The small and large particles are serologically unrelated and seem to be different viruses, one of which depends on the other for some process that allows it to multiply to detectable amounts. The Rothamsted culture produces local lesions of different sizes in French bean. Virus isolated from single large lesions and passed through a succession of single lesions gave, when bulked in tobacco, preparations containing up to 500 large to 1 small particle. Evidence is given which suggests that the few small particles were acquired as contaminants when the virus was bulked in tobacco, and it seems probable that small particles would not be produced in leaves infected only with the large particles. Virus obtained from small lesions when bulked gave preparations containing particles of both sizes, with ratios of large to small particles up to 1:10. Inocula of large particles produced only large lesions, whereas mixed inocula produced large and small lesions, in proportions which depended on the ratio of the two kinds of particles in the inoculum. Two different tobacco necrosis viruses activated the small particles, but tobacco mosaic and some other viruses did not. Particles of the two activating viruses differed in size and in their stability when negatively stained in phosphotungstate. When fixed and negatively stained they appeared to be angular, but much less so than when shadowed. Small particles tended to pack in regular arrays, and one type of packing suggested that they have a fivefold axis of symmetry.