Geochemical carbon dioxide removal potential of Spain.
Geochemical carbon dioxide removal potential of Spain.
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西班牙地球化学二氧化碳去除潜力。
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161287
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Fernández
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Bullock;J. Alcalde;F. Tornos;J. Fernández
许多国家已承诺在未来几十年内减少二氧化碳排放，以实现《巴黎协定》将全球变暖控制在1.5°C以内的目标，即到本世纪中叶实现净零排放。为了实现国家减排目标，进一步需要数百万吨规模的二氧化碳去除（CDR）方法，这就需要更好地了解可行的方法。地球化学CDR是目前备受关注的一种方法，包括(1)通过矿物碳酸化将富含co2的气体原位注入富含Ca和mg的岩石中进行地质储存；(2)非原位海洋碱度增强，增强富碱性物质的风化和矿物碳酸化；(3)电化学分离过程。在这种情况下，西班牙可能拥有理论上较高的地球化学CDR能力，这要归功于其不同的地质环境，包括广泛的基性-超基性和碳酸盐岩。然而，目前国内缺乏实施CDR的试点计划和大规模战略，部分原因是目前的知识差距和监管机构缺乏重视。在这里，我们确定了西班牙未来地球化学CDR研究和实施战略的可能材料、地点和途径。本研究强调了西班牙在本世纪剩余时间内的千吨至百万吨规模的CDR选择，并关注化学和矿物学上适当的材料，合适的实施地点和可能遵循的潜在战略。西班牙拥有和生产的镁铁质、超镁铁质和碳酸盐岩、尾矿、飞灰、炉渣副产品、海水淡化盐水和陶瓷废料具有重要意义，工业、农业和沿海地区提供了开展试点计划的机会。尽管达到最大CDR潜力存在障碍，但本研究有助于确定将有助于克服这些障碍的重点目标。西班牙的CDR潜力值得专门调查，以实现尽可能高的CDR，为国家减排目标作出宝贵贡献。
Many countries have made pledges to reduce CO2emissions over the upcoming decades to meet the Paris Agreement targets of limiting warming to no >1.5 °C, aiming for net zero by mid-century. To achieve national reduction targets, there is a further need for CO2removal (CDR) approaches on a scale of millions of tonnes, necessitating a better understanding of feasible methods. One approach that is gaining attention is geochemical CDR, encompassing (1) in-situ injection of CO2-rich gases into Ca and Mg-rich rocks for geological storage by mineral carbonation, (2) ex-situ ocean alkalinity enhancement, enhanced weathering and mineral carbonation of alkaline-rich materials, and (3) electrochemical separation processes. In this context, Spain may host a notionally high geochemical CDR capacity thanks to its varied geological setting, including extensive mafic-ultramafic and carbonate rocks. However, pilot schemes and large-scale strategies for CDR implementation are presently absent in-country, partly due to gaps in current knowledge and lack of attention paid by regulatory bodies. Here, we identify possible materials, localities and avenues for future geochemical CDR research and implementation strategies within Spain. This study highlights the kilotonne to million tonne scale CDR options for Spain over the rest of the century, with attention paid to chemically and mineralogically appropriate materials, suitable implementation sites and potential strategies that could be followed. Mafic, ultramafic and carbonate rocks, mine tailings, fly ashes, slag by-products, desalination brines and ceramic wastes hosted and produced in Spain are of key interest, with industrial, agricultural and coastal areas providing opportunities to launch pilot schemes. Though there are obstacles to reaching the maximum CDR potential, this study helps to identify focused targets that will facilitate overcoming such barriers. The CDR potential of Spain warrants dedicated investigations to achieve the highest possible CDR to make valuable contributions to national reduction targets.