Wave erosion of a massive artificial coastal landslide
Wave erosion of a massive artificial coastal landslide
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大规模人工海岸滑坡的波浪侵蚀
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Komar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Komar
孤树滑坡位于加州州弗朗西斯科以北的海岸，不同寻常的是它位于圣安德烈亚斯断层带内。它的材料范围从泥到巨石，这使得幻灯片特别容易受到群众运动。1989年洛马普列塔地震后，西半部的移动增加，关闭了一条重要的高速公路一年多，当时进行了大规模的挖填作业，以清除滑坡的上部，这样就不会造成未来的破坏。从上部滑坡上切下的材料被倾倒在公路下面，碎片延伸到海洋中。这创造了一个相当于大规模自然滑坡的人工碎片填充，以及一个监测其侵蚀的独特机会。降雨迅速侵蚀了一系列的溪流进入人工制造的滑坡表面，但砾石和鹅卵石的集中保护了这些小通道，大大降低了随后的侵蚀速度。波浪切断了脚趾，本文的重点是发展一个模型，以分析潮汐水位和波浪条件下的波浪攻击频率。由鹅卵石和大圆石组成的海滩形成在碎片的底部，提供部分保护并降低持续侵蚀的速度。在短期内，对细沟进行加固和开发一个面向前方的海滩，减少了对残块的总体侵蚀和沉积物向海洋的转移。从长远来看，次级滑坡的形成可能会恢复侵蚀。最后，碎片填充物的形态应该接近天然滑坡的结构，未修改的部分仍然与人工填充物相邻。© 1998 John Wiley & Sons，Ltd.
The Lone Tree landslide is located on the coast north of San Francisco, California, and is unusual in that it is positioned within the San Andreas fault zone. Its material ranges from mud through to boulders, which makes the slide particularly susceptible to mass movement. Movement of its western half increased following the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989, closing an important highway for over a year, at which time a large cut-and-fill operation was undertaken to remove the upper portion of the slide so it would create no future disruption. Material cut from the upper slide was dumped below the highway, with the debris extending into the ocean. This created an artificial debris fill that is equivalent to a massive natural landslide, and a unique opportunity to monitor its erosion. Rainfall quickly eroded a series of rills into the face of the artificially created landslide, but the concentration of gravel and cobbles armoured these small channels, greatly reducing the rate of subsequent erosion. Waves cut away the toe, and the focus of this paper is on the development of a model to analyse the frequency of wave attack in terms of tide levels and wave conditions. A beach consisting of cobbles and boulders formed at the toe of the debris, offering partial protection and reducing the rate of continued erosion. In the short term, armouring of the rills and the development of a fronting beach have reduced the overall erosion of the debris and the transfer of sediment to the ocean. In the longer term, the formation of secondary slumps can be expected to renew the erosion. Eventually the morphology of the debris fill should approach the configuration of the natural landslide, an unmodified portion of which remains adjacent to the artificial fill. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.