Burnout in Blue: An Analysis of the Extent and Primary Predictors of Burnout Among Law Enforcement Officers in the United States
Burnout in Blue: An Analysis of the Extent and Primary Predictors of Burnout Among Law Enforcement Officers in the United States
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DOI：
10.1177/1098611119828038
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发表时间：
2019-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Palacios, Mariana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McCarty, William P.;Aldirawi, Hani;Palacios, Mariana
工作倦怠是研究人员，执法管理人员和政府当局的一个重要问题，因为它对官员的健康，工作绩效和为公众提供的服务产生了更广泛的影响。在执法人员、其决定以及与公众的关系面临各种复杂挑战和加强审查的情况下，这一主题尤其重要。虽然已经进行了大量的工作，警察之间的倦怠，本研究的目的是建立在文献的基础上，通过分析来自大约13,000宣誓代表89个机构在美国各地的受访者的调查数据来描述的程度倦怠的两个组成部分，情绪耗竭和人格解体。然后，基于Leiter和Maslach（2004）的工作生活的六个领域，本研究使用多变量分析来确定这两个组成部分的倦怠的主要预测因素，以及它们是如何被这些官员工作的机构和社区的特征所塑造的。分析表明，总样本中约有19%的人经历了严重的情绪衰竭，13%的人有极端的人格解体。此外，回归分析表明，工作量和价值观的具体措施是情绪衰竭的最强预测因子，而人格解体是由类似的因素驱动，除了社区的措施，利用与公众的关系。此外，很少有实证支持机构和社区层面的变量作为预测的任一组成部分的倦怠的重要性。讨论如何将这些结果转化为努力，以减轻倦怠。
Job-related burnout is a significant concern for researchers, law enforcement administrators, and government authorities because of its broader effects on officer health, job performance, and service provided to the public. This topic is particularly relevant amidst a variety of complex challenges and heightened scrutiny surrounding law enforcement officers, their decisions, and relations with the public. Although much work has been conducted on burnout among police officers, the aim of this study is to build on the literature through analyzing survey data from roughly 13,000 sworn respondents representing 89 agencies throughout the United States to describe the extent of two components of burnout-emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Then, based on Leiter and Maslach's (2004) six areas of worklife, this study uses multivariate analysis to identify the primary predictors of those two components of burnout and how they are shaped by the characteristics of the agencies and communities in which these officers work. The analysis indicates approximately 19% of the total sample was experiencing severe levels of emotional exhaustion and 13% had extreme values of depersonalization. In addition, regression analyses suggest that specific measures of workload and values were the strongest predictors of emotional exhaustion, while depersonalization was driven by similar factors in addition to a measure of community that tapped into relations with the public. Furthermore, little empirical support was found for the importance of agency and community-level variables as predictors of either component of burnout. A discussion of how to translate those results into efforts to mitigate burnout is also presented.