The nature of fisheries- and farming-induced evolution
The nature of fisheries- and farming-induced evolution
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03485.x
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Fraser, Dylan J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hutchings, Jeffrey A.;Fraser, Dylan J.
人类有一种无意中选择反对他们最渴望的东西的倾向。在鱼类方面，前所未有的丰度减少与捕捞和水产养殖技术的前所未有的变化有关。捕鱼是鱼类种群崩溃的主要原因，人们越来越相信捕鱼会对个体适应性、种群持久性和可持续产量水平等重要特征产生进化变化。人类引起的野生种群的遗传变化也可能是由于与驯化种群的相互作用。我们的渔业和养殖引起的进化的研究包括可能影响的遗传反应的幅度，速度和可逆性，潜在的反应规范和减少可塑性，遗传变异性的损失，远系繁殖抑郁症及其对野生鱼类的人口后果的因素。我们还建议管理措施，以减轻渔业和农业引起的演变的影响。最终，捕鱼或养鱼是否会导致进化变化的问题是没有实际意义的。关键问题是这种变化是否可能产生负面的保护或社会经济后果。虽然人类引起的鱼类进化研究应继续包括对选择的规模和速度的估计，但迫切需要进行研究，以解决对种群持续性、可塑性、恢复和生产力的短期和长期人口后果。
Humans have a penchant for unintentionally selecting against that which they desire most. In fishes, unprecedented reductions in abundance have been associated with unprecedented changes in harvesting and aquaculture technologies. Fishing, the predominant cause of fish-population collapses, is increasingly believed to generate evolutionary changes to characters of import to individual fitness, population persistence and levels of sustainable yield. Human-induced genetic change to wild populations can also result from interactions with their domesticated counterparts. Our examination of fisheries- and farming-induced evolution includes factors that may influence the magnitude, rate and reversibility of genetic responses, the potential for shifts in reaction norms and reduced plasticity, loss of genetic variability, outbreeding depression and their demographic consequences to wild fishes. We also suggest management initiatives to mitigate the effects of fisheries- and farming-induced evolution. Ultimately, the question of whether fishing or fish farming can cause evolutionary change is moot. The key issue is whether such change is likely to have negative conservation- or socio-economic consequences. Although the study of human-induced evolution on fishes should continue to include estimates of the magnitude and rate of selection, there is a critical need for research that addresses short- and long-term demographic consequences to population persistence, plasticity, recovery and productivity.