Oxygen and Oxygen Toxicity: The Birth of Concepts.
Oxygen and Oxygen Toxicity: The Birth of Concepts.
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DOI：
10.20455/ros.2016.801
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Li, Y Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhu, Hong;Traore, Kassim;Li, Y Robert
分子氧（O2）是有氧生命的基本元素，但在有氧代谢过程中O2的不完全还原或激发会产生多种含氧活性物质，通常称为活性氧物质（ROS）。一方面，活性氧通过诱导细胞组分的氧化损伤对需氧生物构成严重威胁。另一方面，当这些活性物质的产生处于稳态控制下时，它们也发挥重要的生理作用（例如，构成免疫的重要成分并参与氧化还原信号传导）。本文定义了氧气和有关氧气的关键事实，并讨论了氧气与地球上早期动物出现之间的关系。文章然后描述了三个历史人物发现氧，并检查氧毒性的概念和基本的自由基机制的诞生。文章最后简要介绍了ROS介导的氧化还原信号和生理反应的新兴领域。
Molecular dioxygen (O2) is an essential element of aerobic life, yet incomplete reduction or excitation of O2 during aerobic metabolisms generates diverse oxygen-containing reactive species, commonly known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the one hand, ROS pose a serious threat to aerobic organisms via inducing oxidative damage to cellular constituents. On the other hand, these reactive species, when their generation is under homeostatic control, also play important physiological roles (e.g., constituting an important component of immunity and participating in redox signaling). This article defines oxygen and the key facts about oxygen, and discusses the relationship between oxygen and the emergence of early animals on Earth. The article then describes the discovery of oxygen by three historical figures and examines the birth of the concepts of oxygen toxicity and the underlying free radical mechanisms. The article ends with a brief introduction to the emerging field of ROS-mediated redox signaling and physiological responses.