To Serve and Collect: The Fiscal and Racial Determinants of Law Enforcement
To Serve and Collect: The Fiscal and Racial Determinants of Law Enforcement
复制标题
服务和征收：执法的财政和种族决定因素
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Tabarrok
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Makowsky;Thomas Stratmann;A. Tabarrok
我们利用地方赤字和州一级因没收民事资产而保留的警察收入的差异来估计增加收入的激励措施如何影响警务工作。在全国样本中，我们发现地方罚款和没收收入随着毒品逮捕的增加比因暴力犯罪而逮捕的增加更快。逮捕黑人和西班牙裔美国人的收入增长速度也快于白人毒品逮捕的增长速度。伴随着更高的创收率，我们发现，当机构允许官员更容易地保留没收财产的收入时，因毒品、酒后驾车、卖淫和相关财产扣押而被捕的黑人和西语裔美国人的数量随着地方赤字的增加而增加。白人的吸毒和酒后驾车逮捕对这些机构并不敏感。然而，我们确实观察到白人卖淫被捕人数的类似增加。我们的结果表明，受收入驱动的执法会扭曲警察的行为和决策，改变逮捕的数量、类型和种族构成。
We exploit local deficits and state-level differences in police revenue retention from civil asset forfeitures to estimate how incentives to raise revenue influence policing. In a national sample, we find that local fine and forfeiture revenue increases faster with drug arrests than arrests for violent crimes. Revenues also increase faster with arrests of blacks and Hispanics than with whites’ drug arrests. Concomitant with higher rates of revenue generation, we find that arrests of blacks and Hispanics for drugs, driving under the influence, and prostitution, and associated property seizures, increase with local deficits when institutions allow officials to more easily retain revenues from forfeited property. Whites’ drug and driving under the influence arrests are insensitive to these institutions. We do, however, observe comparable increases in whites’ prostitution arrests. Our results show that revenue-driven law enforcement can distort police behavior and decision-making, altering the quantity, type, and racial composition of arrests.