Caveats to quantifying ecosystem services: Fruit abortion blurs benefits from crop pollination
Caveats to quantifying ecosystem services: Fruit abortion blurs benefits from crop pollination
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DOI：
10.1890/06-1763.1
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发表时间：
2007-09-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Tylianakis, Jason M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bos, Merijn M.;Veddeler, Dorthe;Tylianakis, Jason M.
最近将货币价值赋予生态系统服务的趋势引发了对农作物授粉媒介的经济重要性的研究。最近的几项研究表明，授粉效率下降会导致区域性长期授粉媒介下降和经济后果。然而，利用传粉媒介服务作为保护的经济激励措施必须考虑干旱、害虫和疾病等环境因素，这些因素也会限制产量。此外，“花过多”是一种众所周知的植物繁殖策略，可以防止限制繁殖的不可预测的外部因素。通过三个关于授粉水平对三种热带作物（巴西的百香果、厄瓜多尔的咖啡和印度尼西亚的可可）收获果实数量的重要性的案例研究，我们说明了繁殖策略和环境压力如何掩盖改善授粉带来的最初效益。通过用进化科学、农学和野生植物种群研究的结果来解释这些结果，我们认为，关于传粉媒介经济效益的研究应该包括整个生态系统过程，这些过程（1）导致成功授粉，（2）调动养分并提高植物质量，使作物产量确实受益于增强的传粉媒介服务。利用自然对人类福利的服务进行量化的保护激励措施将受益于生态系统层面的方法，这些方法考虑了限制或提供服务的广泛生物过程。
The recent trend to place monetary values on ecosystem services has led to studies on the economic importance of pollinators for agricultural crops. Several recent studies indicate regional, long-term pollinator declines, and economic consequences have been derived from declining pollination efficiencies. However, use of pollinator services as economic incentives for conservation must consider environmental factors such as drought, pests, and diseases, which can also limit yields. Moreover, "flower excess" is a well-known reproductive strategy of plants as insurance against unpredictable, external factors that limit reproduction. With three case studies on the importance of pollination levels for amounts of harvested fruits of three tropical crops (passion fruit in Brazil, coffee in Ecuador, and cacao in Indonesia) we illustrate how reproductive strategies and environmental stress can obscure initial benefits from improved pollination. By interpreting these results with findings from evolutionary sciences, agronomy, and studies on wild-plant populations, we argue that studies on economic benefits from pollinators should include the total of ecosystem processes that (1) lead to successful pollination and (2) mobilize nutrients and improve plant quality to the extent that crop yields indeed benefit from enhanced pollinator services. Conservation incentives that use quantifications of nature's services to human welfare will benefit from approaches at the ecosystem level that take into account the broad spectrum of biological processes that limit or deliver the Service.