'Disperse abroad in the land': the role of wildlife in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance
'Disperse abroad in the land': the role of wildlife in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance
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DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2016.0137
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Bennett, Malcolm
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arnold, Kathryn E.;Williams, Nicola J.;Bennett, Malcolm
许多野生动物物种（包括长途迁徙物种）的微生物群中都检测到了抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）。人类和牲畜使用抗菌药物产生的未经充分处理的废物通常被认为是野生动物AMR的主要来源。虽然与人类密切相关的野生动物种群更可能具有与当地人类和牲畜中发现的相关的临床重要AMR，但AMR在偏远野生动物种群中仍然很常见，几乎没有直接的人类影响。大多数野生动物AMR的报告都是基于调查和/或小规模的，因此研究人员只能推测AMR的可能来源和汇或野生动物AMR对临床耐药性的影响。缺乏关于AMR基因和AMR细菌在自然环境中流动的定量数据可能反映了人口稠密世界中的众多AMR来源和放大器。具有相对简单和良好特征的AMR潜在输入的生态系统可以提供易于处理的，但现实的，用于研究自然环境中AMR的系统。新的工具，如动物跟踪技术和耐药基因和mobilomes的高通量测序，应与现有的方法相结合，以了解野生动物如何维持和分散AMR。
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been detected in the microbiota of many wildlife species, including long-distance migrants. Inadequately treated wastes from humans and livestock dosed with antimicrobial drugs are often assumed to be the main sources of AMR to wildlife. While wildlife populations closely associated with human populations are more likely to harbour clinically important AMR related to that found in local humans and livestock, AMR is still common in remote wildlife populations with little direct human influence. Most reports of AMR in wildlife are survey based and/or small scale, so researchers can only speculate on possible sources and sinks of AMR or the impact of wildlife AMR on clinical resistance. This lack of quantitative data on the flow of AMR genes and AMR bacteria across the natural environment could reflect the numerous AMR sources and amplifiers in the populated world. Ecosystems with relatively simple and well-characterized potential inputs of AMR can provide tractable, but realistic, systems for studying AMR in the natural environment. New tools, such as animal tracking technologies and high-throughput sequencing of resistance genes and mobilomes, should be integrated with existing methodologies to understand how wildlife maintains and disperses AMR.