Evolution of dispersal polymorphism and local adaptation of dispersal distance in spatially structured landscapes
Evolution of dispersal polymorphism and local adaptation of dispersal distance in spatially structured landscapes
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17943.x
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Poethke, Hans-Joachim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bonte, Dries;Hovestadt, Thomas;Poethke, Hans-Joachim
许多生物在扩散距离策略上表现出多态性。这种变化是特别生态相关的，如果它包括一个功能分离的短距离（SDD）和长距离传播（LDD）。然而，这仍然是一个悬而未决的问题，是否这两个部分的扩散内核同样受到景观相关的选择pressures.We实施了一个基于个人的模型来分析在不同比例的栖息地及其空间配置的fiactal景观的扩散性状的演变。个体是孤雌生殖的，其扩散距离由每个个体基因组中的两个等位基因决定：一个等位基因编码的概率的全球扩散和一个等位基因编码的方差σ的高斯局部扩散的平均值为零。模拟表明，平均距离的局部扩散和全球扩散的概率，增加栖息地的可用性，但生境空间自相关的变化会产生相反的选择压力：随着可利用生境空间自相关的减小，局部扩散距离减小，全球扩散概率增大。在聚集生境比例小于70%的景观中，局部扩散距离出现局部适应，说明长距离扩散和短距离扩散是根据景观的不同性质而分别演化的。因此，景观结构可能会在很大程度上影响扩散距离策略的演变和扩散多态性的水平。
Many organisms show polymorphism in dispersal distance strategies. This variation is particularly ecological relevant if it encompasses a functional separation of short- (SDD) and long-distance dispersal (LDD). It remains, however, an open question whether both parts of the dispersal kernel are similarly affected by landscape related selection pressures.We implemented an individual-based model to analyze the evolution of dispersal traits in firactal landscapes that vary in the proportion of habitat and its spatial configuration. Individuals are parthenogenetic with dispersal distance determined by two alleles oil each individual's genome: one allele coding for the probability of global dispersal and one allele coding for the variance sigma of a Gaussian local dispersal with mean value zero.Simulations show that mean distances of local dispersal and the probability of global dispersal, increase with increasing habitat availability, but that changes in the habitats spatial autocorrelation impose opposing selective pressure: local dispersal distances decrease and global dispersal probabilities increase with decreasing spatial autocorrelation of the available habitat. Local adaptation of local dispersal distance emerges in landscapes with less than 70% of clumped habitat.These results demonstrate that long and short distance dispersal evolve separately according to different properties of the landscape. The landscape structure may consequently largely affect the evolution of dispersal distance strategies and the level of dispersal polymorphism.