Social drivers of maturation age in female geladas
Social drivers of maturation age in female geladas
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雌性狒狒成熟年龄的社会驱动因素
DOI：
10.1093/beheco/arac028
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Jennions, ed., Michael D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feder, Jacob A.;Beehner, Jacinta C.;Baniel, Alice;Bergman, Thore J.;Snyder-Mackler, Noah;Lu, Amy;Jennions, ed., Michael D.
女性生殖成熟是一个重要的人生里程碑，开启了一个人的生殖生涯。对群居哺乳动物的研究通常集中在与营养相关的变量如何影响雌性成熟年龄。然而，平行的研究已经发现了明显的男性中介效应，其中女性的成熟对男性的存在和关联很敏感。在这里，我们评估了更经典的社会生态变量(即母体等级、群体大小)是否可以预测野生狐狸的成熟年龄--一种已知的雄性调节对成熟的影响的灵长类物种，以及预计不会产生激烈的雌性竞争的草食。雌性在父亲面前延迟成熟，当无关的、占主导地位的雄性到来时，雌性迅速成熟。然而，考虑到这些男性效应，地位较高的女儿比地位较低的女儿更早成熟，这表明这是一种群体内竞争的影响。然而，与与群体内竞争相关的预测相反，雌性在较大的群体中成熟得最早。我们将这一结果归因于：1)为了应对规模较大的群体带来的高婴儿死亡率风险，向“更快”的发育转变；或者2)由短暂的、未被观察到的男性来访引发的加速成熟。虽然成熟年龄较早确实与第一胎年龄较早有关，但这些好处有时会被男性接管所抵消，因为男性接管可能会通过自然流产推迟成功的生殖。总而言之，即使在社会生态学理论做出相反预测的情况下，与等级相关的生殖效应仍然可能发生，而男性(及其带来的风险)可能会促使女性成熟，即使在成功的收购之外。
Female reproductive maturation is a critical life-history milestone, initiating an individual’s reproductive career. Studies in social mammals have often focused on how variables related to nutrition influence maturation age in females. However, parallel investigations have identified conspicuous male-mediated effects in which female maturation is sensitive to the presence and relatedness of males. Here, we evaluated whether the more “classic” socioecological variables (i.e., maternal rank, group size) predict maturation age in wild geladas—a primate species with known male-mediated effects on maturation and a grassy diet that is not expected to generate intense female competition. Females delayed maturation in the presence of their fathers and quickly matured when unrelated, dominant males arrived. Controlling for these male effects, however, higher-ranking daughters matured at earlier ages than lower-ranking daughters, suggesting an effect of within-group contest competition. However, contrary to predictions related to within-group scramble competition, females matured earliest in larger groups. We attribute this result to either: 1) a shift to “faster” development in response to the high infant mortality risk posed by larger groups; or 2) accelerated maturation triggered by brief, unobserved male visits. While earlier ages at maturation were indeed associated with earlier ages at first birth, these benefits were occasionally offset by male takeovers, which can delay successful reproduction via spontaneous abortion. In sum, rank-related effects on reproduction can still occur even when socioecological theory would predict otherwise, and males (and the risks they pose) may prompt female maturation even outside of successful takeovers.