Habitat loss, fragmentation, and restoration
Habitat loss, fragmentation, and restoration
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1526-100x.1999.72024.x
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发表时间：
1999-09-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Hastings, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huxel, GR;Hastings, A
栖息地的丧失和破碎是许多物种继续生存的主要威胁。我们认为，通过包括恢复管理计划的空间专业，栖息地丧失和破碎化的影响可以抵消。然而，很少有管理计划考虑到栖息地保护/恢复的空间效应，尽管在物种保护和恢复计划的空间动态的重要性。Tilman等人（1997年）发现，在物种恢复的模拟中，当随机选择栖息地进行恢复时，存在“恢复滞后”。其他研究表明，安置恢复的生境可以克服生境丧失和破碎化的影响。在这里，我们报告的结果，研究不同的区域管理策略，侧重于栖息地的选择模拟。我们发现，非随机恢复的做法，如恢复只有栖息地，是邻近的目标物种所占据的可以显着减少或否定任何恢复滞后。事实上，我们发现，斑块占用景观的增加可以大于2倍，在相邻的与随机的情况下，只有两个恢复事件后，这种增加可以高达6倍，在早期恢复阶段。许多修复工作在资金和可用的修复场地方面都有限制，因此任何修复工作都必须取得很大的成功。将空间分析纳入恢复管理可以大大提高物种的恢复机会。因此，需要纳入空间过程和合理管理的一般原则来指导具体的恢复工作。
The loss and fragmentation of habitat is a major threat to the continued survival of many species. We argue that, by including spatial professes in restoration management plans, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation can be offset. Yet few management plans take into account spatial effects of habitat conservation/restoration despite the importance of spatial dynamics in species conservation and recovery plans. Tilman et al. (1997) found a "restoration lag" in simulations of species restoration when randomly selecting habitat for restoration. Other studies have suggested that the placement of restored habitat can overcome effects of habitat loss and fragmentation. Here we report the findings of simulations that examine different regional management strategies, focusing on habitat selection. We find that nonrandom restoration practices such as restoring only habitat that is adjacent to those occupied by the target species can dramatically reduce or negate any restoration lag. In fact, we find that the increase in patch occupancy of the landscape can be greater than two-fold in the adjacent versus the random scenarios after only two restoration events, and this increase can be as great as six-fold during the early restoration phase. Many restoration efforts have limitations on both funds and available sites for restoration, necessitating high potential success on any restoration efforts. The incorporation of spatial analyses in restoration management may drastically improve a species' chance of recovery. Therefore, general principles that incorporate spatial processes and sensible management are needed to guide specific restoration efforts.