Benefits of living in a building:: big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in rocks versus buildings
Benefits of living in a building:: big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in rocks versus buildings
复制标题
DOI：
10.1644/05-mamm-a-127r1.1
复制
发表时间：
2006-04-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Barclay, RMR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lausen, CL;Barclay, RMR
尽管有明显的自然栖息地，但某些种类的蝙蝠仍栖息在人造建筑物中。我们比较了阿尔伯塔省东南部草原上栖息于自然栖息地和建筑栖息地的大棕蝙蝠（Eptesicus fuscus）母性群落的温度调节模式与小气候的关系，并比较了它们的繁殖时间。在怀孕期间，栖息在建筑物里的蝙蝠比栖息在岩石上的蝙蝠更少冬眠，但冬眠时体温更低。冬眠的频率较低，使得胎儿发育有更多的活跃时间，而且在建筑栖息地的蝙蝠比在岩石栖息地的蝙蝠更早分娩。我们观察了岩石栖息地的捕食者和捕食者，但没有观察到建筑栖息地，并表明栖息在岩石上的蝙蝠使用较浅的冬眠来保持警惕。冬眠的模式表明，在建筑物中栖息的蝙蝠比在岩石中栖息的个体节省更多的能量，因为它们栖息在更温暖的建筑物微环境中，当环境条件寒冷且觅食不高效时，它们的体温会降低。温暖的建筑栖息地也有利于幼蝠的生长，建筑栖息地的幼蝠比岩蝠早1-2周羽化。我们认为，蝙蝠在建筑物中栖息的优势（较低的捕食风险、较早的出生、更快的幼崽生长速度和更多的能源节约）导致了更大的长期繁殖成功率，使建筑物成为蝙蝠的首选栖息地。
Individuals of some species of bats roost in human-made structures despite the apparent availability of natural roosts. We compared patterns of thermoregulation in relation to microclimate and compared reproductive timing for maternity colonies of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) roosting in natural and building roosts in the prairies of southeastern Alberta. During pregnancy, bats roosting in buildings used torpor less frequently than did rock-roosting bats, but achieved lower body temperatures when torpid. Less-frequent use of torpor leaves more active days for fetal development, and bats in building roosts gave birth earlier than those in rock roosts. We observed predators and predation in rock roosts, but not in building roosts, and suggest that bats roosting in rocks use shallower torpor to remain vigilant. Patterns of torpor use suggest that bats in buildings save more energy than rock-roosting individuals by roosting in the warmer microenvironments of buildings and by achieving lower body temperatures when ambient conditions are cold and foraging is not productive. The warmer building roosts are also conducive to juvenile growth, and young building-roosting bats fledged 1-2 weeks before rock bats. We propose that advantages for bats roosting in buildings (lower predation risk, earlier births, faster juvenile growth rates, and increased energy savings) lead to greater long-term reproductive success for building-roosting bats and make buildings preferred roosts.