The Future of Tree Improvement in the Southeastern United States: Alternative Visions for the Next Decade
The Future of Tree Improvement in the Southeastern United States: Alternative Visions for the Next Decade
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美国东南部树木改良的未来：未来十年的替代愿景
DOI：
10.1093/sjaf/29.2.88
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. V. Buijtenen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Byram;T. Mullin;T. White;J. V. Buijtenen
50年前在美国东南部建立的树木改良项目已经成为世界上许多造林研究项目的原型。在此期间，它们对美国东南部森林生产力的显著进步负有直接或间接的责任。他们还向世界其他许多地方输出植物材料、思想和训练有素的专业人员。这些项目是合作研发的典范，现在正进入一个充满希望和危险的关键时期。在未来十年，森林遗传和树木改良将取得非凡的进展。生理学、基因组学和分子生物学的进步为快速改进无性繁殖、选择效率、部署策略以及创造具有新特性的作物树的可能性提供了工具。本文讨论了影响未来树木改良的四个主要领域：经济、社会期望、科学进步的速度和组织基础设施。经济问题的关键是木材和纤维产品在全球市场上暂时充足这一事实所产生的限制。在这些条件下，树木的改良只能通过降低生产成本或通过质变将产出转化为更高价值的特种产品来增加价值。社会期望的关键是树木改善实践者如何解决社会对可接受技术的限制。我们有责任通过帮助评估替代技术的风险和收益来制定公共和企业政策。我们对科学进步及其造林应用有了更多的控制。然而，科学的进步是不规则的，是无法预测的。我们共同控制的未来的一个领域是我们组织努力的基础设施。成功的基础设施的标准将是支持努力的连续性，从有限的资源中获得最大的回报，并促进合作研究，同时促进专有知识产权的发展。南部。j:。, 29(2): 88 - 95。
The tree improvement programs founded in the southeastern United States 50 years ago have been the prototype for many silvicultural research programs around the world. During that time, they have been directly or indirectly responsible for much of the remarkable progress in forest productivity seen in the southeastern United States. They have also exported plant material, ideas, and trained professionals to many other parts of the world. These programs, models for collaborative research and development, are now entering a critical period fraught with both promise and peril. Extraordinary progress in both forest genetics and tree improvement is achievable during the next 10 years. Advances in physiology, genomics, and molecular biology provide tools to make rapid improvements in vegetative propagation, selection efficiencies, deployment strategies, and the possibility of creating crop trees with novel characteristics. This article discusses four main areas of concern that influence the future of tree improvement: economics, societal expectations, rate of scientific advancement, and organizational infrastructure. Key to the economic concerns are the restraints that arise from the fact that wood and fiber products are temporarily abundant in the global market. Under these conditions, tree improvement is restrained to adding value either by lowering production costs or by making qualitative changes capable of transforming the output into higher value specialty products. Key to the societal expectations is how tree improvement practitioners address the limits set by society on acceptable technology. We have a responsibility to shape public and corporate policies by helping evaluate the risks and benefits of alternative technologies. We have more control of the advancement of science and its silvicultural application. Nevertheless, advances in science occur at irregular intervals and are impossible to predict. The one area of our future that we collectively control is the infrastructure by which we organize our efforts. Criteria for successful infrastructure will be those that support continuity of effort, maximize return from limited resources, and foster cooperative research while simultaneously promoting the development of proprietary intellectual property. South. J. Appl. For. 29(2):88-95.