Morphomechanical Innovation Drives Explosive Seed Dispersal.
Morphomechanical Innovation Drives Explosive Seed Dispersal.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.002
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发表时间：
2016-06-30
期刊：
影响因子：
64.5
通讯作者：
Hay A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hofhuis H;Moulton D;Lessinnes T;Routier-Kierzkowska AL;Bomphrey RJ;Mosca G;Reinhardt H;Sarchet P;Gan X;Tsiantis M;Ventikos Y;Walker S;Goriely A;Smith R;Hay A
如何在细胞、组织和器官之间协调机械和生物过程以产生复杂的特征是生物学中的一个关键问题。拟南芥的近亲Cardamine hirsuta使用一种爆炸机制来分散种子。我们发现，这一特征是通过不同空间尺度上的形态力学创新进化而来的。在器官尺度上，果壁内的张力产生爆炸所需的弹性能量。这种张力是由果壁组织通过一种活跃的机制产生的，这种差异收缩涉及到膨胀压力、细胞几何形状和表皮的壁属性。这种张力的爆炸性释放在细胞水平上受到内果皮b细胞内木质素不对称沉积的控制-这是一种惊人的模式，严格地与整个十字花科植物家族的爆炸性豆荚破碎有关。通过连接这些不同的尺度，我们提出了一个爆炸性种子传播的集成机制，将进化新颖性与复杂的特征创新联系起来。果实在膨大时爆炸，而不是干燥时，由于表皮细胞的活跃收缩，内果皮b细胞中木质素的不对称沉积驱动爆炸能量释放内果皮b不对称是一种进化上的新奇现象，在多尺度模型中，细胞和组织之间的相互作用产生了爆炸性扩散。利用细胞和组织水平过程之间的相互作用，多尺度模型再现了爆裂水芹种子的爆炸性传播。
How mechanical and biological processes are coordinated across cells, tissues, and organs to produce complex traits is a key question in biology. Cardamine hirsuta, a relative of Arabidopsis thaliana, uses an explosive mechanism to disperse its seeds. We show that this trait evolved through morphomechanical innovations at different spatial scales. At the organ scale, tension within the fruit wall generates the elastic energy required for explosion. This tension is produced by differential contraction of fruit wall tissues through an active mechanism involving turgor pressure, cell geometry, and wall properties of the epidermis. Explosive release of this tension is controlled at the cellular scale by asymmetric lignin deposition within endocarp b cells—a striking pattern that is strictly associated with explosive pod shatter across the Brassicaceae plant family. By bridging these different scales, we present an integrated mechanism for explosive seed dispersal that links evolutionary novelty with complex trait innovation. Fruits explode while turgid, not dry, due to active contraction of epidermal cells Asymmetric deposition of lignin in endocarp b cells drives explosive energy release Endocarp b asymmetry is an evolutionary novelty underlying explosive dispersal Explosive dispersal emerges from cell and tissue interactions in multi-scale model The violent explosion of seed pods is one of the fastest movements in the plant kingdom. Using interactions between cell and tissue-level processes, a multi-scale model reproduces the explosive seed dispersal in popping cress.