Distinct changes in cortical acetylcholine and noradrenaline efflux during contingent and noncontingent performance of a visual attentional task
Distinct changes in cortical acetylcholine and noradrenaline efflux during contingent and noncontingent performance of a visual attentional task
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.21-13-04908.2001
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发表时间：
2001-07-01
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Robbins, TW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dalley, JW;McGaughy, J;Robbins, TW
认知加工的优化可能取决于皮质胆碱能和去甲肾上腺素能系统的特定和不同的功能。本研究通过同时测定持续注意操作过程中大鼠前额叶皮质乙酰胆碱(ACh)和去甲肾上腺素(NA)的外流，来分离皮层乙酰胆碱(ACh)和去甲肾上腺素(NA)在觉醒和视觉注意中的作用。五项选择的系列反应时任务被用来提供视觉空间注意的连续评估。以前使用这项任务的研究已经确立了皮质胆碱能系统在视觉目标检测中的关键作用。然而，只有当干扰物或暂时不可预测的目标对受试者施加额外的注意要求时，蓝斑去甲肾上腺素系统的选择性损害才会损害表现。为了验证皮质去甲肾上腺素系统对新的任务偶发事件特别敏感的假设，我们还评估了先前接受过任务训练的大鼠的NA和ACh外流，但对这些大鼠来说，工具性偶发反应与刺激检测和奖励的耦合被取消。在既定的应急表现期间，皮层ACh外流显示出强劲的和与任务相关的增加。这种反应在非偶然性受试者中显著减弱，尽管它仍然超过任务前的值。相反，在临时受试者中，NA外流仅在任务开始后短暂增加，但在非临时受试者中，在临时受试者改变后的第一天，NA流出量持续上升。这些数据还表明皮质ACh在注意功能方面也有影响，但强调了皮质去甲肾上腺素系统在检测仪器作用和强化之间预测关系的变化方面的具体参与。
Optimization of cognitive processing may depend on specific and distinct functions of the cortical cholinergic and noradrenergic systems. This investigation dissociates functions of cortical acetylcholine (ACh) and noradrenaline (NA) in arousal and visual attention by simultaneously measuring ACh and NA efflux in the rat prefrontal cortex during sustained attentional performance. The five-choice serial reaction time task was used to provide a continuous assessment of visuospatial attention. Previous studies using this task have established a critical role for the cortical cholinergic system in the detection of visual targets. However, selective lesions of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system impair performance only when additional attentional demands are placed on the subject by distractors or temporally unpredictable targets. To test the hypothesis that the cortical noradrenergic system is particularly sensitive to novel task contingencies, we also assessed NA and ACh efflux in rats that been trained previously on the task but for whom the instrumental contingency coupling responding with stimulus detection and reward was abolished. Cortical ACh efflux showed a robust and task-related increase during established contingent performance. This response was significantly attenuated in noncontingent subjects, although it still exceeded pretask values. In contrast, NA efflux only increased transiently in contingent subjects after task onset but showed sustained elevations in noncontingent subjects on the first day when contingencies were changed. These data also implicate cortical ACh in aspects of attentional functioning but highlight a specific involvement of the cortical noradrenergic system in detecting shifts in the predictive relationship between instrumental action and reinforcement.