The role of selective attention in the acquisition of English tense and lax vowels by native Spanish listeners: comparison of three training methods.
The role of selective attention in the acquisition of English tense and lax vowels by native Spanish listeners: comparison of three training methods.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.wocn.2010.08.003
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发表时间：
2010-10-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Francis, Alexander L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kondaurova, Maria V.;Francis, Alexander L.
本研究调查了两个过程的作用，线索增强（学习注意具有语言对比特征的声音线索）和线索抑制（学习忽略不具有这种特征的线索），在西班牙语母语听众习得美式英语时态和松弛元音（[i]和[i]）中的作用。这种对比在声学上可以通过元音频谱和持续时间来区分。然而，母语为英语的听众主要依靠音域，而没有经验的西班牙语听众往往只依赖音长。29名母语为西班牙语的听众，最初依赖于元音持续时间，接受增强训练、抑制训练或自然线索分布训练。结果表明，三组患者对光谱特性的依赖程度均高于基线。然而，抑制训练相对于增强训练更有效，抑制和增强训练相对于自然分布训练更有效。这些结果表明，语音学习可能涉及线索增强和线索抑制两个不同的认知过程，其功能是在可分离的声学维度之间转移选择性注意。此外，线索特异性训练（无论是增强还是抑制）似乎对第二语言语音对比的习得更有效。
This study investigates the role of two processes, cue enhancement (learning to attend to acoustic cues which characterize a speech contrast for native listeners) and cue inhibition (learning to ignore cues that do not), in the acquisition of the American English tense and lax ([i] vs.[I]) vowels by native Spanish listeners. This contrast is acoustically distinguished by both vowel spectrum and duration. However, while native English listeners rely primarily on spectrum, inexperienced Spanish listeners tend to rely exclusively on duration. Twenty-nine native Spanish listeners, initially reliant on vowel duration, received either enhancement training, inhibition training, or training with a natural cue distribution. Results demonstrated that reliance on spectrum properties increased over baseline for all three groups. However, inhibitory training was more effective relative to enhancement training and both inhibitory and enhancement training were more effective relative to natural distribution training in decreasing listeners’ attention to duration. These results suggest that phonetic learning may involve two distinct cognitive processes, cue enhancement and cue inhibition, that function to shift selective attention between separable acoustic dimensions. Moreover, cue-specific training (whether enhancing or inhibitory) appears to be more effective for the acquisition of second language speech contrasts.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
FLEGE, JE;MUNRO, MJ;MACKAY, IRA
通讯作者：
MACKAY, IRA
DOI：
10.3758/bf03212164
发表时间：
2000-11-01
期刊：
PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Francis, AL;Baldwin, K;Nusbaum, HC
通讯作者：
Nusbaum, HC
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
ASLIN, RN;PISONI, DB;PEREY, AJ
通讯作者：
PEREY, AJ
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Iverson, P;Hazan, V;Bannister, K
通讯作者：
Bannister, K
DOI：
10.3758/bf03206911
发表时间：
1999-07-01
期刊：
PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bradlow, AR;Akahane-Yamada, R;Tohkura, Y
通讯作者：
Tohkura, Y