Message and conceptual confounds in fear appeals: The role of threat, fear, and efficacy
Message and conceptual confounds in fear appeals: The role of threat, fear, and efficacy
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恐惧诉求中的信息和概念混淆：威胁、恐惧和功效的作用
DOI：
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Witte
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Witte
虽然许多学者在听到一个恐惧诉求时就“知道”了，但很少有人能确切地定义是什么导致一个信息被归类为恐惧诉求。这种缺乏特异性的恐惧呼吁的操作可能有助于不同的实证文献。本文试图找出文献中的方法论和概念上的混乱。首先，定义了恐惧诉求的结构、风格和额外信息特征。然后，研究设计问题进行了讨论。最后，对实证文献进行了分析。为那些进行研究的人提出了建议。
While many scholars “know” a fear appeal when they hear one, few can define exactly what causes a message to be categorized as a fear appeal. This lack of specificity in operationalizations of fear appeals may have contributed to the diverse empirical literature. This essay attempts to identify the methodological and conceptual confounds in the literature. First, the structural, style, and extra‐message features of fear appeals are defined. Then, study design issues are discussed. Finally, the empirical literature is analyzed. Recommendations are offered for those conducting research.