The relative importance of real-time in-cab and external feedback in managing fatigue in real-world commercial transport operations
The relative importance of real-time in-cab and external feedback in managing fatigue in real-world commercial transport operations
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DOI：
10.1080/15389588.2017.1306855
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Lenne, Michael G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fitzharris, Michael;Liu, Sara;Lenne, Michael G.
目的：实时驾驶监控系统是一种解决关键行为风险发生时的解决方案，特别是分心和疲劳。这些系统在现实世界中的效果在很大程度上是未知的。这篇文章有三个目标：(1)记录真实世界商业卡车驾驶操作中疲劳的发生率和持续时间；(2)确定与提供反馈相关的疲劳事件的发生率(如果有的话)的减少；以及(3)梳理驾驶室内警告与24/7全天候监控和反馈对雇主的相对贡献。方法：对安装在澳大利亚运营的商业卡车车队中的商用车载摄像头驾驶员监控系统收集的数据进行分析。驾驶员实时监控系统根据眼皮位置等因素对驾驶员昏昏欲睡进行持续评估。数据是在基准期内收集的，没有向司机提供反馈。然后，通过驾驶室内的听觉和触觉警告向司机提供实时反馈，当外部24/7全天候监视器检测到疲劳事件时，公司管理层的直接反馈进一步增强了这一反馈。结果：相对于在检测到疲劳事件时没有向司机提供反馈，驾驶室内警告导致疲劳事件减少了66%，其中除了驾驶室内警告外，通过实时提供直接反馈实现了95%的减少(p<；0.01)。有了反馈，疲劳事件在旅行后期发生的持续时间更短，而且很少有司机在每次旅行中有超过一次验证的疲劳事件。结论：实时向公司提供关于驾驶疲劳事件的反馈比单独向司机反馈更能带来更大的好处，这对寻求缓解与疲劳相关的风险的公司具有一定的意义。疲劳事件的减少可能反映了设备本身以及公司在如何使用信息方面的安全文化。数据以每辆卡车的行程为基础进行了分析，结果表明，大型商业运输车队发生了疲劳事件。未来的研究应该考虑个别司机的表现，这是不可能的，因为在这项回顾分析中可获得的数据。有证据表明，实时驾驶员监控反馈在减少疲劳事件方面是有效的，这对于制定车队安全政策以及未来的国家政策和车辆安全法规是非常宝贵的。讨论了对汽车驾驶员监控的影响。
Objective: Real-time driver monitoring systems represent a solution to address key behavioral risks as they occur, particularly distraction and fatigue. The efficacy of these systems in real-world settings is largely unknown. This article has three objectives: (1) to document the incidence and duration of fatigue in real-world commercial truck-driving operations, (2) to determine the reduction, if any, in the incidence of fatigue episodes associated with providing feedback, and (3) to tease apart the relative contribution of in-cab warnings from 24/7 monitoring and feedback to employers.Methods: Data collected from a commercially available in-vehicle camera-based driver monitoring system installed in a commercial truck fleet operating in Australia were analyzed. The real-time driver monitoring system makes continuous assessments of driver drowsiness based on eyelid position and other factors. Data were collected in a baseline period where no feedback was provided to drivers. Real-time feedback to drivers then occurred via in-cab auditory and haptic warnings, which were further enhanced by direct feedback by company management when fatigue events were detected by external 24/7 monitors. Fatigue incidence rates and their timing of occurrence across the three time periods were compared.Results: Relative to no feedback being provided to drivers when fatigue events were detected, in-cab warnings resulted in a 66% reduction in fatigue events, with a 95% reduction achieved by the real-time provision of direct feedback in addition to in-cab warnings (p < 0.01). With feedback, fatigue events were shorter in duration a d occurred later in the trip, and fewer drivers had more than one verified fatigue event per trip.Conclusions: That the provision of feedback to the company on driver fatigue events in real time provides greater benefit than feedback to the driver alone has implications for companies seeking to mitigate risks associated with fatigue. Having fewer fatigue events is likely a reflection of the device itself and the accompanying safety culture of the company in terms of how the information is used. Data were analysed on a per-truck trip basis, and the findings are indicative of fatigue events in a large-scale commercial transport fleet. Future research ought to account for individual driver performance, which was not possible with the available data in this retrospective analysis. Evidence that real-time driver monitoring feedback is effective in reducing fatigue events is invaluable in the development of fleet safety policies, and of future national policy and vehicle safety regulations. Implications for automotive driver monitoring are discussed.